Publications

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2005–2009

2009

• Burke, M.V. (2008). Health care providers discussions of tobacco use, advice to quit and patient satisfaction at college health centres. Journal of Smoking Cessation. 3(2), 77–80. DOI 10.1375/jsc.3.2.77.
• Croghan IT, Ebbert JO, Hurt RD, Hays JT, Dale LC, Warner N, Schroeder DR. Gender differences among smokers receiving tobacco use interventions. Addictive Behaviors. 34 (2009) 61-67.
• Cullen NW, Ebbert JO, Vierkant RA, Wang AH, Cerhan JR. No interaction of body mass index and smoking on diabetes mellitus risk in elderly women. Prev Med. 48(1):74-8. Jan 2009.
• Ebbert JO. Emerging drugs for the treatment of tobacco dependence. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 14(1):23-32, Mar 2009.
• Ebbert JO, Croghan, IT, Sood A, Hays JT, Schroeder DR, Hurt RD. Varenicline and Bupropion Combination Therapy for Smoking Cessation. Nicotine and Tobacco. 2009 Feb 25.

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2008

• as a treatment for reducing smoking cessation related to weight gain in young adult smokers. Subst Use Misuse. 43(10):1315-1325, 2008.
• Ames SC, Rock E, Hurt RD, Patten CA, Croghan IT, Stoner SM, Decker PA, Offord KP, Nelson M. Development and feasibility of parental support intervention for adolescent smokers. Subst Use Misuse. 43(3):497-511, 2008.
• Ames SC, Croghan IT, Clark MM, Patten CA, Schroeder DR, Stevens SR, Eberman KM, Hays JT, Hurt RD. Change in perceived stress, partner support, decisional balance, and self-efficacy following residential nicotine dependence treatment. J Addictive Disease. 27 (1):73-81, 2008.
• Bardia A, Cerhan JR, Tleyjeh IM, Sood A, Limburg PJ, Erwin PJ, Montori VM. Efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in reducing primary cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2008 Jan; 83(1):23-34.
• Burke MV, Ebbert JO, Hays JT. Treatment of tobacco dependence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. April 2008 83 (4):479-83.
• Ebbert JO, Hays JT. The missing link in tobacco control. CMAJ-JAMC. 2008 July 15, 179(2):123, 2008.
• Ebbert JO, Glover ED, Shinozaki E, Schroeder DR, Dale LC. Predictors of smokeless tobacco abstinence. Am J Health Behav. 32(6):735-40, 2008.
• Hatsukami DK, Ebbert JO, Edmonds A, Li C, Le Ce, Hecht SS. Smokeless tobacco reduction: preliminary study of tobacco-free snuff versus no snuff. Nicotine and Tobacco. 10(1):77-85, 2008.
• Hays JT. The Risk-Benefit Balance of Varenicline for Smoking Cessation. J Thorac Oncol. 2008 Sep;3(9):949-50.
• Hays JT, Ebbert JO. Varenicline for tobacco dependence NEJM. 2008 Nov 6;359(19):2018.
• Hays JT, Ebbert JO, Sood A. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation. American Journal of Medicine. Vol 121 (4A), S32-S42, 2008.
• Kahler CW, Strong DR, Papandonatos GD, Colby SM, Clark MA, Boergers J, Niaura R, Abrams DB, Buka SL. Cigarette smoking and lifetime alcohol involvement continuum. Drug Alcohol Depend. 93(1-2): 111-120. Jan 11, 2008.
• LeGresley EL, Muggli ME, Collin J, Patel P, Lee K, Hurt RD. British American tobacco and the "insidious impact of illicit trade" in cigarettes across Africa. Tobacco Control. 17;339-345, 2008.
• Muggli ME, Ebbert JO, Channing R, Hurt RD. Waking a Sleeping Giant: The tobacco industry’s response to the polonium-210 issue. American Journal of Public Health. 98(9):1643-50, Sept. 2008.
• Muggli ME, Lee K, Gan Q, Ebbert JO, Hurt RD. (2008) "Efforts to reprioritise the agenda" in China: British American Tobacco's efforts to influence public policy on secondhand smoke in China. PLoS Med 5(12): e251. doi:10.1371/journal. pmed:0050251.
• Niaura R, Hays JT, Jorenby DE, Leone FT, Pappas JE, Reeves KR, Williams KE, Billing CB, Jr. The efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation using a flexible dosing strategy in adult smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Current Medical Research and Opinion. Vol. 24 No. 7, 1931-1941, July 2008.
• Patten CA, Brockman TA, Ames SC, Ebbert JO, Steves SR, Thomas JL, Werch CW, Kiros GE, Kershaw JM, Carlson JM, Differences among black and white young adults on prior attempts and motivation to help a smoker quit. Addict Behav. 33 (3):496-502, 2008.
• Patten CA, Decker PA, Dornelas EA, Barbagallo J, Rock E, Offord KP, Hurt RD, Pingree S. Changes in readiness to quit and self-efficacy among adolescents receiving a brief office intervention for smoking cessation. Psychol Health Med. 13(3): 326-36, 2008.
• Patten CA, Renner CC, Decker PA, O’Camp E, Larsen K, Enoch C, Offord KP, Hurt RD, Lanier A, Kaur J. Tobacco use and cessation among pregnant Alaska natives from Western Alaska enrolled in the WIC program, 2001-2002 Matern Child Health. (2008) 12:S30-S36.
• Patten CA, Petersen LR, Brockman TA, Gerber T, Offord KP, Ebbert JO, Hughes CA, Decker PA, Beddow C, Pyan K, Quigg S, Boness J. Development of a telephone-based intervention for support persons to help smokers quit. Psychol Health Med. 13(1):17-28, 2008.
• Vander Weg MW, Peterson AL, Ebbert JO, DeBon M, Klesges RC, Haddock CK. Prevalence of alternative forms of tobacco use in a population of young adult military recruits. Addictive Behaviors. 33(1): 69-82, 2008.
• Vander Weg MW, Klesges RC, Ebbert JO, Lichty EJ, DeBon M, North F, Schroeder DR, Dubbert PM. Trial design: blood pressure control and weight gain prevention in prehypertensive and hypertensive smokers: The treatment and prevention study. Contemporary Clinic Trials. 29: 281-292, 2008.

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2007

• Ames SC, Patten CA, Werch CE, Schroeder DR, Stevens SR, Fredrickson PA, Echols JD, Pennebaker JW, Hurt RD. Expressive writing as a smoking cessation treatment adjunct for young adult smokers. Nic Tob Res. 9(2):185-194, 2007.
• Angstman S, Patten CA, Renner CC, Simon A, Thomas JL, Hurt RD, Schroeder DR, Decker PA, Offord KP. Tobacco and other substance use among Alaska Native youth in western Alaska. Am J Health Behav. 31(3):249-260, 2007.
• Carr AB, Ebbert JO. Interventions for tobacco cessation in the dental setting: a systematic review. Community Dent Health. 24(2):70-74. June 2007.
• Croghan IT, Hurt RD, Dakhil SR, Croghan GA, Sloan JA, Novotny PJ, Rowland KM, Bernath A, Loots ML, Loots ML, Le-Lindqwister N, Tschetter LK, Garneau SC, Flynn K, Ebbert LP, Wender DB, Loprinzi CL. Randomized comparison of a nicotine inhaler and bupropion for smoking cessation efficacy and relapse prevention. Mayo Clin Proc. 82(2):186-195, 2007.
• Dale LC, Ebbert JO, Glover ED, Croghan IT, Schroeder DR, Severson HH, Hurt RD. Bupropion SR for the treatment of smokeless tobacco use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 90(1): 56-63, Sept 2007.
• Ebbert JO, Carr AB, Patten CA, Morris RA, Schroeder DR. Tobacco use quitline enrollment through dental practices. J Am Dental Assoc. 138: 595-601, May 2007.
• Ebbert JO, Croghan IT, Schroeder DR, Murawski J, Hurt RD. Association between respiratory disease and secondhand smoke exposure among non-smoking fight attendants. Env Health. 6:28-51, 2007.
• Ebbert JO, Dale LC, Patten CA, Croghan IT, Schroeder DR, Moyer TP, Hurt RD. Effect of high dose nicotine patch therapy on tobacco withdrawal symptoms among smokeless tobacco users. Nicotine Tob Res. 9(1):43-52, 2007.
• Ebbert JO, Dale LC, Severson, HH, Croghan IT, Rasmussen DF, Schroeder DR, Vander Weg M, Hurt RD. Nicotine lozenges for the treatment of smokeless tobacco use. Nicotine Tob Res. 9(2):233-240, 2007.
• Ebbert JO, Montori V, Vickers KS, Erwin PC, Dale LC, Stead LF. Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17; (4): CD004306.
• Ebbert JO, Post JA, Moyer TP, Dale LC, Schroeder DR, Hurt RD. Nicotine percentage replacement among smokeless tobacco users with nicotine patch. Drug Alcohol Depend. 89(2-3): 223-226, July 2007.
• Ebbert JO, Sood A, Hays JT, Dale LC, Hurt RD. Treating tobacco dependence: review of the best and latest treatment options. J Thorac Oncol. 2(3):249-256, 2007.
• Garces YI, Schroeder DR. Nirelli LM, Croghan GA, Croghan IT, Foote RL, Hurt RD. Second Primary Tumors Following Tobacco Dependence Treatments Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Am J Clin Onc. 30(5):531-539, 2007.
• Hatsukami DK, Ebbert JO, Anderson A, Lin H, Le C, Hecht SS. Smokeless tobacco brand switching: a means to reduce toxicant exposure? Drug Alcohol Depend. 87(2-3):217-224, 2007.
• Hatsukami DK, Ebbert JO, Feuer RM, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. Changing smokeless tobacco products: new tobacco-delivery systems. Am J Prev Med. 33 (6) S1: S368-S378, 2007.
• Klesges RC, Klesges LM, Vander Weg MW, DeBon M, Poston WSC, Ebbert JO, Hays JT, Haddock CK. Characteristics of Air Force personnel who choose pharmacological aids for smoking cessation following an involuntary tobacco ban and tobacco control program. Health Psychol. 26(5):588,597, 2007.
• Kozlowski LT, Giovino GA, Edwards B, Difranza J, Founds J, Hurt R, Niaura R, Sachs DP, Selby P, Dollar KM, Bowen D, Cummings KM, Counts M, Fox B, Sweanor D, Ahern F. Advice on using over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy-patch, gum, or lozenges-to quit smoking. Addict Behav. 32 (10): 2140-50, October 2007.
• Nides M, Hund LM, Carothers S, McCausland KL, Duke JC, Xiao H, Balaoing M, Dale LC, Healton CG. Hollywood quits – behind the scene of a Hollywood-based smoking cessation program. Am J Health Behav. 31(6): 705-18, Nov-Dec 2007.
• Patten CA, Enoch C, Renner CC, Offord KP, Nevak C, Kelley SF, Thomas J, Decker PA, Hurt RD, Lanier A, Kaur JS. Focus groups of Alaska native adolescent tobacco users: preferences for tobacco cessation interventions and barriers to participation. Health Education Behavior. DOI :10.1177/1090198107309456. Nov 29, 2007.
• Patten CA, Petersen LR, Brockman TA, Gerber T, Offord KP, Ebbert JO, Hughes CA, Decker PA, Beddow C, Pyan K, Quigg S, Bonness J. Development of a telephone-based intervention for support persons to help smokers quit. Psychol Health Med. 1-12. Sept 12, 2007.
• Schiebel NE, Ebbert JO. Quitline referral vs. self-help manual for tobacco use cessation in the Emergency Department: a feasibility study. BMC Emerg Med. 7: 15, 2007.
• Sood A, Ebbert JO, Schroeder DR, Croghan IT, Sood R, Vander Weg MW, Wong GY, Hays JT. Gabapentin for smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 9(2):291-298, 2007.
• Warner DO, Colligan RC, Hurt RD, Croghan IT, Schroeder DR. Cough following initiations of smoking abstinence. Nicotine Tob Res. 9 (11):1207-1212, 2007.
• Warner DO. Tobacco control for anesthesiologists. J Anesth. 21(2): 200-211. 2007.
• Warner DO. Tobacco dependence in surgical patients. Curr Opinion Anaesthesiol. 20(3): 279-83, 2007.
• Werch CE, Brian H, Moore MJ, Ames S, DiClemente CC, Weiler RM. Brief multiple behavior interventions in a college student health care clinic. J Adolesc Health. 41(6):577-85, 2007.

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2006

• Carr AB, Ebbert JO. Interventions for tobacco cessation in the dental setting. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD005084. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005084.pub2.
• Clark MM, Hurt RD, Croghan IT, Patten CA, Novotny P, Sloan JA, Dakhil SR, Croghan GA, Wos EJ, Rowland KM, Bernath A, Morton RF, Thomas SP, Tschetter LK, Garneau S, Stella PJ, Ebbert LP, Wender DB, Loprinzi CL. The prevalence of weight concerns in a smoking abstinence clinical trial. Addict Behav. 31:1144-1152, 2006.
• Cooper LT, Henderson SS, Ballman KV, Offord KP, Tse TS, Holmes DR, Hurt RD. A prospective, case-control study of tobacco dependence in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s Disease). Angiology. 57(1):73-78, 2006.
• Croghan IT, Bronars C, Patten CA, Schroeder DR, Nirelli LM, Thomas JL, Clark MM, Vickers KS, Foraker R, Lane K, Houlihan D, Offord KP, Hurt RD. Is smoking related to body image satisfaction, stress, and self-esteem in young adults? Am J Health Behav. 3(30):322-333, 2006.
• Ebbert JO, Haddock CK, Vander Weg M, Klesges RC, Poston WS, DeBon M. Predictors of smokeless tobacco initiation in a young adult military cohort. Am J Health Behav. 30(1):103-112, 2006.
• Ebbert JO, Patten CA, Schroeder DR. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST). Addict Behav. 31(9):1716-1721, 2006.
• Fernander AF, Patten CA, Schroeder DR, Stevens SR, Croghan IT, Offord KP, Hurt RD. Characteristics of six-month tobacco use outcomes of black patients seeking smoking cessation intervention. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 17(2):413-24, 2006.
• Foulds, J; Gandhi, KK, Steinberg, MB; Richardson, DL; Williams, JM; Burke, MV, Rhoads, GG. Factors Associated with Quitting Smoking at a Tobacco Dependence Treatment Clinic. Am J Health Behav. 2006; 30 (4):400-412.
• Jimenez-Ruiz CA. Dale LC. Astray Mochales J. Velazquez Buendia L. de Granda Orive I. Guirao Garcia A. Smoking characteristics and cessation in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. 65(4):217-21, 2006.
• Jorenby DE, Hays JT, Rigotti NA, Azoulay S, Watsky EJ, Williams KE, Billing CB, Gong J, Reeves KR. Efficacy of varenicline, an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs. placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 296(1):56-63, 2006.
• Leavell NR, Muggli ME, Hurt RD, Repace J. Blowing smoke: British American Tobacco’s air filtration scheme. BMJ. 332:227-229, 2006.
• LeGresley EM, Muggli ME, Hurt RD. Movie moguls: British American Tobacco’s covert strategy to promote cigarettes in Eastern Europe. Eur J Public Health. 2006 Oct;16(5):505-8.
• Otañez, MG; Muggli, ME; Hurt, RD; Glantz, SA. Eliminating child labour in Malawi: A British American Tobacco corporate responsibility project to sidestep tobacco labour exploitation. Tob Control. 15(3):224-30, 2006.
• Patten CA, Croghan IT, Meis TM, Decker PA, Pingree S, Colligan RC, Dornelas EA, Offord KP, Boberg EW, Baumberger RK, Hurt RD, Gustafson DH. Randomized clinical trial of an Internet-based versus brief office intervention for adolescent smoking cessation. Patient Educ Couns. 2006 Dec ; 64(1-3):249-58.
• Sood, A; Ebbert, JO; Sood, R.; Steven, SR. Complementary treatments for tobacco cessation: A survey. Nicotine and Tobacco. 2006 Dec; 8(6): 767-772.
• Thomas JL, Patten CA, Offord KP, Clark MM, Schroeder DR, Nirelli LM, Bronars CA, Cowles ML. Reported distress associated with concern about a cigarette smoker. Addict Behav. 2006 Feb 10; 31 (10):1895-903.
• Thomas JL, Ebbert JO, Patten CA, Dale LC, Bronars CA, Schroeder DR. Measuring nicotine dependence among smokeless tobacco users. Addict Behav. 2006 Sep; 31(9):1511-21.
• Thostenson J, Dale L, Schroeder D, Hofmann H. Bootstrap Simulation Evaluations of Missing Data Methods Applied to Smoking Cessation Data. 2006 Proceedings of the American Statistical Association [CD ROM], American Statistical Association, 392-4.
• Ward DK; Vander Weg, MW; Relyea, G; DeBon, M; Klesges, RC. Waterpipe smoking among American military recruits. Prev Med. 43:92-97, 2006.
• Warner, DO. Perioperative abstinence from cigarettes: physiologic and clinical consequences. Anesthesiology. 104(2):356-367, 2006.
• Werch CC; Grenard JL; Burnett J; Watkins JA; Ames S; Jobli E. Translation as a function of modality: the potential of brief interventions. Eval Health Prof. 29 (1):89-125, 2006.

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2005

• Abel GA, Hays JT, Decker PA, Croghan GA, Kuter DJ, Rigotti NA. Effects of biochemically confirmed smoking cessation on white blood cell count. Mayo Clin Proc. 80(8):1022-1028, 2005.
• Ames SC, Patten CA, Offord KP, Pennebaker JW, Croghan IT, Tri DM, Stevens SR, Hurt, RD. Expressive writing intervention for young adult cigarette smokers. J Clin Psych. 61(12):1555-1570. 2005.
• Clark MM, Croghan IT, Reading S, Schroeder DR, Stoner SM, Patten CA, Vickers KS. The relationship of body image dissatisfaction to cigarette smoking in college students. Body Image. 2:263-270, 2005.
• Clark MM, Hays JT, Vickers KS, Patten CA, Croghan IT, Berg E, Wadewitz S, Schwartz S, Decker PA, Offord KP, Squires RW, Hurt RD. Body image treatment for weight concerned smokers: a pilot study. Addict Behav. 30(6):1236-1240, 2005.
• Cooper TV, Klesges RC, DeBon MW, Zbikowski SM, Johnson KC, Clemens LH. A placebo controlled randomized trial of the effects of phenylpropanolamine and nicotine gum on cessation rates and postcessation weight gain in women. Addict Behav. 30:61-75, 2005.
• Croghan IT, Schroeder DR, Hays JT, Eberman KM, Patten CA, Berg EJ, Hurt RD. Nicotine dependence treatment: perceived health status improvement with 1-year continuous smoking abstinence. Eur J Public Health. 15: 251-255, 2005.
• Dornelas E, Patten CA, Fischer E, Decker PA, Offord KP, Barbagallo J, Pingree S, Croghan IT, Ahluwalia JS. Ethnic variation in socioenvironmental factors that influence adolescent smoking. J Adolesc Health. 36(3):170-177, 2005.
• Ebbert, JO; Janney, CA; Sellers, TA; Folsom, AR; Cerhan, JR. The association of alcohol consumption with coronary heart disease mortality and cancer incidence varies by smoking history. J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Jan; 20(1): 96-7.
• Ebbert JO, Klinkhammer MD, Stevens SR, Rowland LC, Offord KP, Ames SC, Dale LC. A survey of characteristics of smokeless tobacco users in a treatment program. Am J Health Behav. 29:25-35, 2005.
• Ebbert JO, Williams BA, Sun Z, Aubry MC, Wampfler JA, Garces YI, Meyer RL, Yang P. Duration of smoking abstinence as a predictor for non-small-cell lung cancer survival in women. Lung Cancer. 47(2):165-172, 2005.
• Fernander AF, Patten CA, Schroeder DR, Stevens SR, Croghan IT, Eberman KM, Hurt RD. Exploring the association of John Henry active coping and education on smoking behavior and nicotine dependence among Blacks in the USA. Soc Sci Med. 60:491-500, 2005.
• Foraker RE, Patten CA, Lopez KN, Croghan IT, Thomas JL. Beliefs and attitudes regarding smoking among young adult Latinos: a pilot study. Prev Med. 41(1):126-133, 2005.
• Haddock, CK; Lando, HA; Pyle, SA; DeBon, M; Vander Weg, M; Klesges, RC; Petersn, AL, Relvea, G. Prediction of adult-onset smoking initiation among U.S. Air force recruits using the pierce susceptibility questionnaire. Am J Prev Med. 2005 Jun;28(5):424-9.
• Hooten WM, Ames SC, Vickers KS, Hays JT, Wolter TD, Hurt RD, Offord KP. Personality correlates related to tobacco abstinence following treatment. Int J Psychiatry Med. 31(1):59-74, 2005.
• Hurt RD. Treating Tobacco Dependence in a Medical Setting: Best Practices. VA in the Vanguard, book chapter; 43-76, 2005.
• Hurt RD, Patten CA, Offord KP, Croghan IT, Decker PA, Morris RA, Hays JT. Treating nondepressed smokers with alcohol dependence in sustained full remission: nicotine patch therapy tailored to baseline serum cotinine. J Stud Alcohol. 66:506-516, 2005.
• Hurt RD, Renner CC, Patten CA, Ebbert JO, Offord KP, Schroeder DR, Enoch CC, Gill L, Angstman SE, Moyer TP. Iqmik – a form of smokeless tobacco used by pregnant Alaska Natives: nicotine exposure in their neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 17:281-289, 2005.
• Klinkhammer MD, Patten CA, Sadosty AT, Stevens SR, Ebbert JO. Motivation for stopping tobacco use among emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 12(6):568-571, 2005.
• LeGresley EM, Muggli ME, Hurt RD. Playing hide-and-seek with the tobacco industry. Nicotine Tob Res. 7:27-40, 2005.
• Poston WSC, Haddock CK, Peterson AL, Vander Weg MW, Klesges RC, Pinkston MM, Debon M. Comparison of weight status among two cohorts of US Air Force recruits. Prev Med. 40:602-609, 2005.
• Renner CC; Enoch C; Patten CA; Ebbert JO; Hurt RD; Moyer TP; Provost EM. Iqmik: a form of smokeless tobacco used among Alaska natives. Am J Health Behav. 2005 Nov-Dec; 29(6):588-94.
• Renner CC, Patten CA, Day GE, Enoch CC, Schroeder DR, Offord KP, Hurt RD, Gasheen A, Gill L. Tobacco use during pregnancy among Alaska Natives in western Alaska. Alaska Med. 2005 Apr-Jun; 47(1):12-6.
• Thomas JL, Patten CA, Decker PA, Croghan IT, Cowles ML, Bronars CA, Nirelli LM, Offord KP. Development and preliminary evaluation of a measure of support provided to a smoker among young adults. Addict Behav. 30(7):1351-1369, 2005.
• Townsend CO, Clark MM, Jett JR, Patten CA, Schroeder DR, Nirelli LM, Swensen SJ, Hurt RD. Relation between smoking cessation and receiving results from three annual spiral chest computed tomography scans for lung carcinoma screening. Cancer. 103:2154-2162, 2005.
• Vander Weg MW, Klesges RC, DeBon M. Relationship between smokeless tobacco use and body weight in young adult military recruits. Nicotine Tob Res. 7(2):301-305, 2005.
• Vander Weg MW, DeBon M, Peterson AL, Sherrill-Mittleman D, Klesges RC, Relyea GE. Prevalence and correlates of lifetime smokeless tobacco use in female military recruits. Nicotine Tob Res. 7(3):431-441, 2005.
• Warner DO. Preoperative smoking cessation: the role of the primary care provider. Mayo Clin Proc. 80(2):252-258, 2005.
• Warner DO. Helping surgical patients quit smoking: why, when, and how. Anesth Analg. 101:481-487, 2005.
• Warner DO, Patten CA, Ames SC, Offord KP, Schroeder DR. Effects of nicotine replacement therapy on stress and smoking behavior in surgical patients. Anesthesiology. 102:1138-1146, 2005.

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