Advanced uses of imaging and other technology in radiation oncology. The application of imaging technology throughout the treatment process. Integration of imaging modalities for treatment planning and short/long term treatment followup, as well as treatment verification. These quality assurance intensive procedures are driving the need for accurate, efficient quantitative, automated tools for performing patient specific quality assurance for complex treatment like IMRT. Specifically, the use of IGRT for localization, verification and for dosimetry in routine treatment and IMRT. Methods to optimize the treatment planning and delivery process should be developed to allow higher doses to be delivered to better-defined target volumes and to spare normal critical structures. The possibility of modeling radiation mediated genetic therapy and applying functional imaging both appear to have significant potential.