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Publications - B. L . Riggs, M.D.

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  1. Melton LJ 3rd, Christen D, Riggs BL, Achenbach SJ, Muller R, van Lenthe GH, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S. Assessing forearm fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2009 Aug 28. [Epub ahead of print]
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  2. Riggs BL. Bone turnover in age-related osteoporosis: early contributions of Pierre Delmas. Osteoporos Int 2009 Aug; 20(8):1289-90.
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  3. Riggs BL. Bone turnover in age-related osteoporosis: early contributions of Pierre Delmas. Osteoporos Int 2009 Aug; 20(8):1289-90.
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  4. Riggs BL. Bone turnover in age-related osteoporosis: early contributions of Pierre Delmas. Osteoporos Int 2009 Aug; 20(8):1289-90.
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  5. Riggs BL. Bone turnover in age-related osteoporosis: early contributions of Pierre Delmas. Osteoporos Int 2009 Aug; 20(8):1289-90.
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  6. Riggs BL. Bone turnover in age-related osteoporosis: early contributions of Pierre Delmas. Osteoporos Int 2009 Aug; 20(8):1289-90.
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  7. Lawrence Riggs B. Bone turnover in age-related osteoporosis: early contributions of Pierre Delmas. Osteoporos Int 2009 Aug; 20(8):1289-90.
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  8. Riggs BL. Bone turnover in age-related osteoporosis: early contributions of Pierre Delmas. Osteoporos Int 2009 Aug; 20(8):1289-90.
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  9. Riggs B. Bone turnover in age-related osteoporosis: early contributions of Pierre Delmas. Osteoporos Int 2009 Aug; 20(8):1289-90.
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  10. Kirmani S, Christen D, van Lenthe GH, Fischer PR, Bouxsein ML, McCready LK, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Amin S, Muller R, Khosla S. Bone structure at the distal radius during adolescent growth. J Bone Miner Res 2009 Jun; 24(6):1033-42.
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  11. Clowes JA, Eghbali-Fatourechi GZ, McCready L, Oursler MJ, Khosla S, Riggs BL. Estrogen action on bone marrow osteoclast lineage cells of postmenopausal women in vivo. Osteoporos Int 2009 May; 20(5):761-9. Epub 2008 Sep 04.
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  12. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Leibson CL, Achenbach SJ, Camp JJ, Bouxsein ML, Atkinson EJ, Robb RA, Khosla S. A bone structural basis for fracture risk in diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 Dec; 93(12):4804-9. Epub 2008 Sep 16.
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  13. Riggs BL, Seeman E. Pierre D Delmas. J Bone Miner Res 2008 Oct; 23(10):1539-40.
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  14. Khosla S, Amin S, Singh RJ, Atkinson EJ, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Comparison of sex steroid measurements in men by immunoassay versus mass spectroscopy and relationships with cortical and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2008 Oct; 19(10):1465-71. Epub 2008 Mar 13.
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  15. Syed FA, Oursler MJ, Hefferanm TE, Peterson JM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Effects of estrogen therapy on bone marrow adipocytes in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Osteoporos Int 2008 Sep; 19(9):1323-30. Epub 2008 Feb 15.
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  16. Riggs BL, Melton LJ, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, McDaniel L, Amin S, Rouleau PA, Khosla S. A population-based assessment of rates of bone loss at multiple skeletal sites: evidence for substantial trabecular bone loss in young adult women and men. J Bone Miner Res 2008 Feb; 23(2):205-14.
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  17. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Keaveny TM, Achenbach SJ, Hoffmann PF, Camp JJ, Rouleau PA, Bouxsein ML, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Robb RA, Khosla S. Structural determinants of vertebral fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res 2007 Dec; 22(12):1885-92.
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  18. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, van Lenthe GH, Achenbach SJ, Muller R, Bouxsein ML, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S. Contribution of in vivo structural measurements and load/strength ratios to the determination of forearm fracture risk in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2007 Sep; 22(9):1442-8.
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  19. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, van Lenthe GH, Achenbach SJ, Muller R, Bouxsein ML, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S. Contribution of in vivo structural measurements and load/strength ratios to the determination of forearm fracture risk in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2007 Sep; 22(9):1442-8.
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  20. Amin S, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd, Achenbach SJ, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S. High serum IGFBP-2 is predictive of increased bone turnover in aging men and women. J Bone Miner Res 2007 Jun; 22(6):799-807.
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  21. Charatcharoenwitthaya N, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, McCready LK, Riggs BL. Effect of blockade of TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 action on bone resorption in early postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2007 May; 22(5):724-9.
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  22. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Achenbach SJ, Amin S, Camp JJ, Rouleau PA, Robb RA, Oberg AL, Khosla S. Does reduced skeletal loading account for age-related bone loss? J Bone Miner Res 2006 Dec; 21(12):1847-55.
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  23. Bouxsein ML, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Muller J, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Rouleau PA, McCollough CH, Khosla S. Age- and sex-specific differences in the factor of risk for vertebral fracture: a population-based study using QCT. J Bone Miner Res 2006 Sep; 21(9):1475-82.
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  24. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Achenbach SJ, Oberg AL, Riggs BL. Hormonal and biochemical determinants of trabecular microstructure at the ultradistal radius in women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006 Mar; 91(3):885-91. Epub 2005 Dec 20.
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  25. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, Rouleau PA, McCollough CH, Khosla S, Bouxsein ML. Population-based analysis of the relationship of whole bone strength indices and fall-related loads to age- and sex-specific patterns of hip and wrist fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2006 Feb; 21(2):315-23. Epub 2005 Oct 31.
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  26. Khosla S, Riggs BL, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, McDaniel LJ, Holets M, Peterson JM, Melton LJ 3rd. Effects of sex and age on bone microstructure at the ultradistal radius: a population-based noninvasive in vivo assessment. J Bone Miner Res 2006 Jan; 21(1):124-31. Epub 2005 Oct 03.
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  27. Clowes JA, Riggs BL, Khosla S. The role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Immunol Rev 2005 Dec; 208:207-27.
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  28. Melton LJ, Looker AC, Shepherd JA, O'Connor MK, Achenbach SJ, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Osteoporosis assessment by whole body region vs. site-specific DXA. Osteoporos Int 2005 Dec; 16(12):1558-64.
  29. Khosla S, Riggs BL. Pathophysiology of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America 2005 Dec; 34(4):1015-30.
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  30. Khosla S, Riggs BL, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Achenbach SJ, Oberg AL, Rouleau PA, Melton LJ 3rd. Relationship of volumetric bone density and structural parameters at different skeletal sites to sex steroid levels in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005 Sep; 90(9):5096-103.
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  31. Eghbali-Fatourechi GZ, Lamsam J, Fraser D, Nagel D, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Circulating osteoblast-lineage cells in humans. N Engl J Med 2005 May 12; 352(19):1959-66.
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  32. Melton LJ 3rd, Beck TJ, Amin S, Khosla S, Achenbach SJ, Oberg AL, Riggs BL. Contributions of bone density and structure to fracture risk assessment in men and women. Osteoporos Int 2005 May; 16(5):460-7.
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  33. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, Rouleau PA, Riggs BL. Relationship of volumetric BMD and structural parameters at different skeletal sites to sex steroid levels in men. J Bone Miner Res 2005 May; 20(5):730-40.
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  34. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S, Oberg AL, Riggs BL. Evaluation of a prediction model for long-term fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res 2005 Apr; 20(4):551-6. Epub 2004 Dec 06.
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  35. Riggs BL, Parfitt AM. Drugs used to treat osteoporosis: The critical need for a uniform nomenclature based on their action on bone remodeling. J Bone Miner Res 2005 Feb; 20(2):177-84.
  36. Sanyal A, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S. Bone marrow stromal cells express two distinct splice variants of ER-alpha that are regulated by estrogen. J Cell Biochem 2005 Jan 1; 94(1):88-97.
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  37. Nagel DE, Khosla S, Sanyal A, Rosen DM, Kumagai Y, Riggs BL. A fragment of the hypophosphatemic factor, MEPE, requires inducible cyclooxygenase-2 to exert potent anabolic effects on normal human marrow osteoblast precursors. J Cell Biochem 2004 Dec 15; 93(6):1107-14.
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  38. Riggs BL, Melton LJ, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, Peterson JM, Rouleau PA, McCollough CH, Bouxsein ML, Khosla S. Population-based study of age and sex differences in bone volumetric density, size, geometry, and structure at different skeletal sites. J Bone Miner Res 2004 Dec; 19(12):1945-54.
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  39. Modder UIL, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC, Fraser DG, Atkinson EJ, Arnold R, Khosla S. Dose-response of estrogen on bone versus the uterus in ovariectomized mice. European Journal of Endocrinology 2004 Oct; 151(4):503-10.
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  40. Johnson GB, Riggs BL, Platt JL. A genetic basis for the "Adonis" phenotype of low adiposity and strong bones. FASEB J 2004 Aug; 18(11):1282-4 Epub 2004 Jun 18.
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  41. Rickard DJ, Waters KM, Ruesink TJ, Khosla S, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen receptor isoform-specific induction of progesterone receptors in human osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2002 Apr; 17(4):580-92.
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  42. Clarke BL, Ebeling PR, Jones JD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick LA. Predictors of bone mineral density in aging healthy men varies by skeletal site. Calcif Tissue Int 2002 Mar; 70(3):137-45.
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  43. Heshmati HM, Khosla S, Robins SP, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ, Riggs BL. Role of low levels of endogenous estrogen in regulation of bone resorption in late postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2002 Jan; 17(1):172-8.
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  44. Melton LJ, Marquez MA, Achenbach SJ, Tefferi A, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Variations in bone density among persons of African heritage. Osteoporos Int 2002; 13(7):551-9.
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  45. Locklin RM, Riggs BL, Hicok KC, Horton HF, Byrne MC, Khosla S. Assessment of gene regulation by bone morphogenetic protein 2 in human marrow stromal cells using gene array technology. J Bone Miner Res 2001 Dec; 16(12):2192-204.
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  46. Doran PM, Riggs BL, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S. Effects of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on bone turnover markers and serum sex steroid and lipid levels in elderly men. J Bone Miner Res 2001 Nov; 16(11):2118-2125.
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  47. Khosla S, Melton LJ, Riggs BL. Estrogens and bone health in men. Calcif Tissue Int 2001 Oct; 69(4):189-192.
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  48. Burguera B, Hofbauer LC, Thomas T, Gori F, Evans GL, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Turner RT. Leptin reduces ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. Endocrinology 2001 Aug; 142(8):3546-53.
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  49. Thomas T, Burguera B, Melton LJ, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Role of serum leptin, insulin, and estrogen levels as potential mediators of the relationship between fat mass and bone mineral density in men versus women. Bone 2001 Aug; 29(2):114-120.
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  50. Hofbauer LC, Shui C, Riggs BL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, O'Brien T, Khosla S. Effects of immunosuppressants on receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin production by human osteoblastic and coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001 Jan 12; 280(1):334-9.
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  51. Yan T, Riggs BL, Boyle WJ, Khosla S. Regulation of osteoclastogenesis and RANK expression by TGF-beta 1. J Cell Biochem 2001; 83(2):320-5.
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  52. Bell NH, Williamson BT, Hollis BW, Riggs BL. Effects of race on diurnal patterns of renal conservation of calcium and bone resorption in premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2001; 12(1):43-8.
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  53. Marquez MA, Melton LJ, Muhs JM, Crowson CS, Tosomeen A, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Bone density in an immigrant population from Southeast Asia. Osteoporos Int 2001; 12(7):595-604.
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  54. Waters KM, Rickard DJ, Riggs BL, Khosla S, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Moore J, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen regulation of human osteoblast function is determined by the stage of differentiation and the estrogen receptor isoform. J Cell Biochem 2001; 83(3):448-462.
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  55. Falahati-Nini A, Riggs BL, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Eastell R, Khosla S. Relative contributions of testosterone and estrogen in regulating bone resorption and formation in normal elderly men. J Clin Invest 2000 Dec; 106(12):1553-60.
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  56. Riggs L, Baron R, Boyle WJ, Drezner M, Manolagas S, Martin TJ, Stewart AF, Suda T, Yasuda H, Aubin J, Goltzman DDD. Proposed standard nomenclature for new tumor necrosis factor members involved in the regulation of bone resorption. Bone 2000 Dec; 27(6):761-764.
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  57. Gori F, Hofbauer LC, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S, Riggs BL. The expression of osteoprotegerin and RANK ligand and the support of osteoclast formation by stromal-osteoblast lineage cells is developmentally regulated. Endocrinology 2000 Dec; 141(12):4768-76.
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  58. Riggs BL, Baron R, Boyle WJ, Drezner M, Manolagas S, Martin TJ, Stewart AF, Suda T, Yasuda H, Aubin J, Goltzman D. Proposed standard nomenclature for new tumor necrosis factor family members involved in the regulation of bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2000 Dec; 15(12):2293-2296.
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  59. Riggs BL. The mechanisms of estrogen regulation of bone resorption. J Clin Invest 2000 Nov; 106(10):1203-4.
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  60. Pattanaungkul S, Riggs BL, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, O'Fallon WM, Khosla S. Relationship of intestinal calcium absorption to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] levels in young versus elderly women: evidence for age-related intestinal resistance to 1,25(OH)(2)D action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000 Nov; 85(11):4023-4027.
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  61. Thomas T, Burguera B, Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Relationship of serum leptin levels with body composition and sex steroid and insulin levels in men and women. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental 2000 Oct; 49(10):1278-84.
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  62. Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Crowson CS, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of sarcopenia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000 Jun; 48(6):625-30.
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  63. Hefferan TE, Subramaniam M, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Cytokine-specific induction of the TCF-beta inducible early gene (TIEG): regulation by specific members of the TGF-beta family. J Cell Biochem 2000 Jun; 78(3):380-390.
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  64. Melton LJ III, Khosla S, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of sarcopenia. Mayo Clin Proc 2000 Jan; 75(Suppl):S10-3.
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  65. Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ III. Primary osteoporosis in men: role of sex steroid deficiency... Workshop "Is There a Case for Testosterone Replacement in Elderly Men?" held in Palm Springs, Calif, March 17-19, 1999. Mayo Clin Proc 2000 Jan; 75(Suppl):S46-50.
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  66. Hofbauer LC, Khosla S, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Boyle WJ, Riggs BL. The roles of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand in the paracrine regulation of bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2000 Jan; 15(1):2-12.
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  67. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Determinants of bone loss from the femoral neck in women of different ages. J Bone Miner Res 2000 Jan; 15(1):24-31.
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  68. Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, Oconnor MK, Ofallon WM, Riggs BL. Cross-sectional versus longitudinal evaluation of bone loss in men and women. Osteoporos Int 2000; 11(7):592-9.
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  69. Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Achenbach SJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Effects of body size and skeletal site on the estimated prevalence of osteoporosis in women and men. Osteoporos Int 2000; 11(11):977-83.
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  70. Proctor DN, Melton LJ, Khosla S, Crowson CS, O'Connor MK, Riggs BL. Relative influence of physical activity, muscle mass and strength on bone density. Osteoporos Int 2000; 11(11):944-52.
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  71. Thomas T, Gori F, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Response of bipotential human marrow stromal cells to insulin-like growth factors: effect on binding protein production, proliferation, and commitment to osteoblasts and adipocytes. Endocrinology 1999 Nov; 140(11):5036-44.
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  72. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Wermers RA, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Primary hyperparathyroidism and the risk of fracture: a population-based study. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Oct; 14(10):1700-7.
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  73. Hofbauer LC, Gori F, Riggs BL, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S. Stimulation of osteoprotegerin ligand and inhibition of osteoprotegerin production by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineage cells: potential paracrine mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Endocrinology 1999 Oct; 140(10):4382-9.
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  74. Miller PD, Baran DT, Bilezikian JP, Greenspan SL, Lindsay R, Riggs BL, Watts NB. Practical clinical application of biochemical markers of bone turnover: Consensus of an expert panel. J Clin Densitom 1999 Fall; 2(3):323-42.
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  75. Hofbauer LC, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not interleukin-6, stimulate osteoprotegerin ligand gene expression in human osteoblastic cells. Bone 1999 Sep; 25(3):255-9.
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  76. Gori F, Thomas T, Hicok KC, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Differentiation of human marrow stromal precursor cells: bone morphogenetic protein-2 increases OSF2/CBFA1, enhances osteoblast commitment, and inhibits late adipocyte maturation. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Sep; 14(9):1522-35.
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  77. Hofbauer LC, Khosla S, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Estrogen stimulates gene expression and protein production of osteoprotegerin in human osteoblastic cells. Endocrinology 1999 Sep; 140(9):4367-70.
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  78. Spelsberg TC, Subramaniam M, Riggs BL, Khosla S. The actions and interactions of sex steroids and growth factors cytokines on the skeleton. Mol Endocrinol 1999 Jun; 13(6):819-828.
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  79. Thomas T, Gori F, Khosla S, Jensen MD, Burguera B, Riggs BL. Leptin acts on human marrow stromal cells to enhance differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation to adipocytes. Endocrinology 1999 Apr; 140(4):1630-8.
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  80. Colford JW, Lueddecke BA, Salvati M, Hanna D, Sailer D, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Langman CB. Immunoradiometric assay for intact human osteocalcin(1-49) without cross-reactivity to breakdown products. Clin Chem 1999 Apr; 45(4):526-31.
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  81. Pederson L, Kremer M, Judd J, Pascoe D, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Oursler MJ. Androgens regulate bone resorption activity of isolated osteoclasts in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999 Jan 19; 96(2):505-10.
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  82. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Secondary osteoporosis and the risk of vertebral deformities in women. Bone 1999 Jan; 24(1):49-55.
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  83. Nickelsen T, Lufkin EG, Riggs BL, Cox DA, Crook TH. Raloxifene hydrochloride, a selective estrogen receptor modulator: safety assessment of effects on cognitive function and mood in postmenopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1999 Jan; 24(1):115-28.
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  84. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, Cooper C, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Vertebral fractures predict subsequent fractures. Osteoporos Int 1999; 10(3):214-21.
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  85. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Osteoporosis: gender differences and similarities. Lupus 1999; 8(5):393-6.
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  86. Hofbauer LC, Gori F, Riggs BL, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Spelserg TC, Khosla S. Stimulation of osteoprotegerin lingnd and inhibition of osteoprotegerin production by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineage cells: Potential mechanisms of glucocoticoid-induced osteoporosis. Endocrinology 1999; 14:4382-9.
  87. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Bone density and fracture risk in men. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Dec; 13(12):1915-23.
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  88. Emslander HC, Sinaki M, Muhs JM, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Bryant SC, Riggs BL, Eastell R. Bone mass and muscle strength in female college athletes (runners and swimmers). Mayo Clin Proc 1998 Dec; 73(12):1151-60.
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  89. Lufkin EG, Whitaker MD, Nickelsen T, Argueta R, Caplan RH, Knickerbocker RK, Riggs BL. Treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis with raloxifene - a randomized. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Nov; 13(11):1747-1754.
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  90. Hofbauer LC, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Osteoprotegerin production by human osteoblast lineage cells is stimulated by vitamin D, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 Sep 29; 250(3):776-81.
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  91. Ory SJ, Field CS, Herrmann RR, Zinsmeister AR, Riggs BL. Effects of long-term transdermal administration of estradiol on serum lipids. Mayo Clin Proc 1998 Aug; 73(8):735-8.
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  92. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Klee GG, Riggs BL. Relationship of serum sex steroid levels and bone turnover markers with bone mineral density in men and women: a key role for bioavailable estrogen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Jul; 83(7):2266-74.
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  93. Heshmati HM, Khosla S, Burritt MF, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. A defect in renal calcium conservation may contribute to the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Jun; 83(6):1916-20.
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  94. Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ. A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men. J Bone Miner Res 1998 May; 13(5):763-73.
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  95. Roche ME, Anderson MA, Oda RP, Riggs BL, Strausbauch MA, Okazaki R, Wettstein PJ, Landers JP. Capillary electrophoresis of insulin-like growth factors: enhanced ultraviolet detection using dynamically coated capillaries and on-line solid- phase extraction. Anal Biochem 1998 Apr 10; 258(1):87-95.
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  96. Tau KR, Hefferan TE, Waters KM, Robinson JA, Subramaniam M, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen regulation of a transforming growth factor-beta inducible early gene that inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in human osteoblasts. Endocrinology 1998 Mar; 139(3):1346-53.
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  97. Heshmati HM, Riggs BL, Burritt MF, McAlister CA, Wollan PC, Khosla S. Effects of the circadian variation in serum cortisol on markers of bone turnover and calcium homeostasis in normal postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Mar; 83(3):751-6.
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  98. Subramaniam M, Hefferan TE, Tau K, Peus D, Pittelkow M, Jalal S, Riggs BL, Roche P, Spelsberg TC. Tissue, cell type, and breast cancer stage-specific expression of a TGF-beta inducible early transcription factor gene. J Cell Biochem 1998 Feb 1; 68(2):226-36.
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  99. Riggs BL, O'Fallon WM, Muhs J, O'Connor MK, Kumar R, Melton LJ 3rd. Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone loss in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Feb; 13(2):168-74.
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  100. Hicok KC, Thomas T, Gori F, Rickard DJ, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Development and characterization of conditionally immortalized osteoblast precursor cell lines from human bone marrow stroma. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Feb; 13(2):205-17.
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  101. Rickard DJ, Hofbauer LC, Bonde SK, Gori F, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Bone morphogenetic protein-6 production in human osteoblastic cell lines. Selective regulation by estrogen. J Clin Invest 1998 Jan 15; 101(2):413-22.
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  102. Kassem M, Okazaki R, Harris SA, Spelsberg TC, Conover CA, Riggs BL. Estrogen effects on insulin-like growth factor gene expression in a human osteoblastic cell line with high levels of estrogen receptor. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Jan; 62(1):60-6.
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  103. Melton LJ, Egan KS, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Influence of fracture criteria on the outcome of a randomized trial of therapy. Osteoporos Int 1998; 8(2):184-91.
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  104. Hesley RP, Shepard KA, Jenkins DK, Riggs BL. Monitoring estrogen replacement therapy and identifying rapid bone losers with an immunoassay for deoxypyridinoline. Osteoporos Int 1998; 8(2):159-64.
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  105. Subramaniam M, Hefferan TE, Tau K, Peus D, Pittelkow M, Jalal S, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Intracellular localization and tissue specific expression of a novel putative transfer factor gene. J Cell Biochem 1998; 68:226-36.
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  106. McKane WR, Khosla S, Ristela J, Robins SP, Muhs JM, Riggs BL. Role of estrogen deficiency in pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption in elderly women. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1997 Jul; 52(7):429-431.
  107. Robinson JA, Harris SA, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen regulation of human osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation. Endocrinology 1997 Jul; 138(7):2919-27.
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  108. Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Relationship of bone turnover to bone density and fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Jul; 12(7):1083-91.
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  109. Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Effects of age and estrogen status on serum parathyroid hormone levels and biochemical markers of bone turnover in women: a population- based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 May; 82(5):1522-7.
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  110. McKane WR, Khosla S, Risteli J, Robins SP, Muhs JM, Riggs BL. Role of estrogen deficiency in pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption in elderly women. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1997 Mar; 109(2):174-80.
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  111. Conover CA, Lee PD, Riggs BL, Powell DR. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 expression in cultured human bone cells: regulation by insulin and glucocorticoid. Endocrinology 1996 Aug; 137(8):3295-301.
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  112. Clarke BL, Ebeling PR, Jones JD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick LA. Changes in quantitative bone histomorphometry in aging healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Jun; 81(6):2264-70.
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  113. Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. Relationship between body composition and bone mass in women. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Jun; 11(6):857-63.
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  114. McKane WR, Khosla S, Egan KS, Robins SP, Burritt MF, Riggs BL. Role of calcium intake in modulating age-related increases in parathyroid function and bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 May; 81(5):1699-703.
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  115. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Hensrud DD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Melton LJ. Dietary protein intake and bone mass in women. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 May; 58(5):320-5.
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  116. Kassem M, Okazaki R, Deleon D, Harris SA, Robinson JA, Spelsberg TC, Conover CA, Riggs BL. Potential mechanism of estrogen-mediated decrease in bone formation: estrogen increases production of inhibitory insulin-like growth factor- binding protein-lC. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1996 Mar; 108(2):155-64.
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  117. Riggs BL, Melton LJ, Ofallon WM. Drug therapy for vertebral fractures in osteoporosis: evidence that decreases in bone turnover and increases in bone mass both determine antifracture efficacy. Bone 1996 Mar; 18(3 Suppl S):S 197-S 201.
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  118. Rickard DJ, Kassem M, Hefferan TE, Sarkar G, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Isolation and characterization of osteoblast precursor cells from human bone marrow. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Mar; 11(3):312-24.
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  119. Kassem M, Khosla S, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Cytokine production in the bone marrow microenvironment: failure to demonstrate estrogen regulation in early postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Feb; 81(2):513-8.
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  120. Kassem M, Harris SA, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Estrogen inhibits interleukin-6 production and gene expression in a human osteoblastic cell line with high levels of estrogen receptors. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Feb; 11(2):193-9.
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  121. Robinson JA, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC, Oursler MJ. Osteoclasts and transforming growth factor-beta: estrogen-mediated isoform-specific regulation of production. Endocrinology 1996 Feb; 137(2):615-21.
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  122. Cooper C, Kotowicz M, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Risk of limb fractures among men and women with vertebral fractures. Int Congr Ser 1996; 1118:101-104.
  123. Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Mechanisms of estrogen action on bone cells. Osteoporosis 1996; 1118: 241-50.
  124. McKane WR, Khosla S, Egan KS, Robins S, Burritt MF, Riggs BL. A high calcium intake reverses the secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption of elderly women J Clinical Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:1699-703.
  125. Subramaniam M, Harris SA, Oursler MJ, Rasmussen K, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Identification of a novel TGF-beta-regulated gene encoding a putative zinc finger protein in human osteoblasts. Nucleic Acids Res 1995 Dec 11; 23(23):4907-12.
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  126. McKane WR, Khosla S, Burritt MF, Kao PC, Wilson DM, Ory SJ, Riggs BL. Mechanism of renal calcium conservation with estrogen replacement therapy in women in early postmenopause--a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Dec; 80(12):3458-64.
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  127. Riggs BL, Melton LJ. The worldwide problem of osteoporosis - insights afforded by epidemiology. Bone 1995 Nov; 17(5 Suppl S):S 505-S 511.
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  128. Ledger GA, Burritt MF, Kao PC, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Role of parathyroid hormone in mediating nocturnal and age-related increases in bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Nov; 80(11):3304-10.
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  129. Riggs BL, Khosla S. Role of biochemical markers in assessment of osteoporosis. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1995 Oct; 266:14-8.
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  130. Harris SA, Tau KR, Enger RJ, Toft DO, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen response in the hFOB 1.19 human fetal osteoblastic cell line stably transfected with the human estrogen receptor gene. J Cell Biochem 1995 Oct; 59(2):193-201.
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  131. Khosla S, Riggs BL. Treatment options for osteoporosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1995 Oct; 70(10):978-82.
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  132. Clarke BL, Muhs JM, O'Connell MJ, McCarthy JT, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Assessment of bone resorption in metabolic bone disorders using a new enzyme immunoassay for urinary free pyridinoline: comparison with standard methods of assessment of bone formation. Endocr Pract 1995 Jul-Aug; 1(4):248-56.
  133. Riggs BL, Nguyen TV, Melton LJ 3rd, Morrison NA, O'Fallon WM, Kelly PJ, Egan KS, Sambrook PN, Muhs JM, Eisman JA. The contribution of vitamin D receptor gene alleles to the determination of bone mineral density in normal and osteoporotic women. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jun; 10(6):991-6.
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  134. Janes CH, Dickson ER, Okazaki R, Bonde S, McDonagh AF, Riggs BL. Role of hyperbilirubinemia in the impairment of osteoblast proliferation associated with cholestatic jaundice. J Clin Invest 1995 Jun; 95(6):2581-6.
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  135. Schutze N, Oursler MJ, Nolan J, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Zeolite A inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vitro. J Cell Biochem 1995 May; 58(1):39-46.
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  136. Okazaki R, Conover CA, Harris SA, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Normal human osteoblast-like cells consistently express genes for insulin-like growth factors I and II but transformed human osteoblast cell lines do not. Journal of Bone & Mineral Research 1995 May; 10(5):788-95.
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  137. Durham SK, Riggs BL, Harris SA, Conover CA. Alterations in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent IGF-binding protein-4 proteolysis in transformed osteoblastic cells. Endocrinology 1995 Apr; 136(4):1374-80.
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  138. Lundy MW, Stauffer M, Wergedal JE, Baylink DJ, Featherstone JD, Hodgson SF, Riggs BL. Histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies in placebo-treated versus fluoride-treated subjects. Osteoporos Int 1995 Mar; 5(2):115-29.
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  139. Okazaki R, Durham SK, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Transforming growth factor-beta and forskolin increase all classes of insulin-like growth factor-I transcripts in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 1995 Feb 27; 207(3):963-70.
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  140. Bodine PV, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Regulation of c-fos expression and TGF-beta production by gonadal and adrenal androgens in normal human osteoblastic cells. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 1995 Feb; 52(2):149-58.
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  141. Harris SA, Enger RJ, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Development and characterization of a conditionally immortalized human fetal osteoblastic cell line. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Feb; 10(2):178-86.
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  142. Durham SK, De Leon DD, Okazaki R, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-4 availability in normal human osteoblast-like cells: role of endogenous IGFs. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1995 Jan; 80(1):104-10.
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  143. Subramaniam M, Oursler MJ, Rasmussen K, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. TGF-beta regulation of nuclear proto-oncogenes and TGF-beta gene expression in normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Cell Biochem 1995 Jan; 57(1):52-61.
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  144. Spelsberg TC, Harris SA, Riggs BL. Immortalized osteoblast cell systems (new human fetal osteoblast systems). Calcif Tissue Int 1995; 56(Suppl 1):S18-21.
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  145. Tomlinson AJ, Benson LM, Oda RP, Braddock WD, Riggs BL, Katzmann JA, Naylor S. Novel modifications, clinical applications of preconcentration-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Cap Elect 1995; 2:97-104.
  146. Durham SK, Riggs BL, Conover CA. The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4)-IGFBP-4 protease system in normal human osteoblast-like cells: regulation by transforming growth factor-beta. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1994 Dec; 79(6):1752-8.
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  147. Ebeling PR, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Burritt MF, O'Fallon WM, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Influence of age on effects of endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on calcium absorption in normal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1994 Nov; 55(5):330-4.
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  148. Lufkin EG, Argueta R, Whitaker MD, Cameron AL, Wong VH, Egan KS, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Pamidronate: an unrecognized problem in gastrointestinal tolerability. Osteoporos Int 1994 Nov; 4(6):320-2.
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  149. Beard CM, Lane AW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Melton LJ. Comparison of respondents and nonrespondents in an osteoporosis study. Ann Epidemiol 1994 Sep; 4(5):398-403.
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  150. Khosla S, Peterson JM, Egan K, Jones JD, Riggs BL. Circulating cytokine levels in osteoporotic and normal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994 Sep; 79(3):707-11.
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  151. Valimaki MJ, Tahtela R, Jones JD, Peterson JM, Riggs BL Jr. Bone resorption in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women--comparison markers for serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and urinary pyridinium cross-links. European Journal of Endocrinology 1994 Sep; 131:258-262.
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  152. McKane WR, Khosla S, Peterson JM, Egan K, Riggs BL. Circulating levels of cytokines that modulate bone resorption: effects of age and menopause in women. J Bone Miner Res 1994 Aug; 9(8):1313-8.
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  153. Ledger GA, Burritt MF, Kao PC, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Abnormalities of parathyroid hormone secretion in elderly women that are reversible by short term therapy with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994 Jul; 79(1):211-6.
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  154. Oursler MJ, Pederson L, Fitzpatrick L, Riggs BL, Spelsberg T. Human giant cell tumors of the bone (osteoclastomas) are estrogen target cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Jun 7; 91(12):5227-31.
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  155. Turner RT, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Skeletal effects of estrogen. Endocr Rev 1994 Jun; 15(3):275-300.
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  156. Roapena L, Zreik T, Harada N, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL Jr, Naftolin F. Human osteoblast-like cells express aromatase immunoreactivity. Menopause 1994 Summer; 1:73-77.
  157. Spotila LD, Colige A, Sereda L, Constantinou-Deltas CD, Whyte MP, Riggs BL, Shaker JL, Spector TD, Hume E, Olsen N. Mutation analysis of coding sequences for type I procollagen in individuals with low bone density. J Bone Miner Res 1994 Jun; 9(6):923-32.
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  158. Kotowicz MA, Melton LJ, Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Risk of hip fracture in women with vertebral fracture. J Bone Miner Res 1994 May; 9(5):599-605.
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  159. Riggs BL, O'Fallon WM, Lane A, Hodgson SF, Wahner HW, Muhs J, Chao E, Melton LJ 3rd. Clinical trial of fluoride therapy in postmenopausal osteoporotic women: extended observations and additional analysis. J Bone Miner Res 1994 Feb; 9(2):265-75.
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  160. Durham SK, Kiefer MC, Riggs BL Jr, Conover CA. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 by a specific insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 protease in normal human osteoblast-like cells: implications in bone cell physiology. J Bone Miner Res 1994 Jan; 9:111-7.
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  161. Ingram RT, Bonde SK, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick LA. Effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the function, cytochemistry and morphology of normal human osteoblast-like cells. Differentiation 1994 Jan; 55(2):153-63.
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  162. Okazaki R, Riggs BL Jr, Conover CA. Glucocortoid regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein expression in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Endocrinology 1994 Jan; 134:126-132.
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  163. McKane WR, Khosla S, Peterson JM, Egan K, Riggs BL. Assessment of circulating levels of cytokines modulating bone resorption: effects of age and menopause in women J Bone Mineral Res 1994; 9:1313-8.
  164. Riggs BL Jr. Formation-stimulating regimens other than sodium fluoride. Am J Med 1993 Nov 30; 95:5A-62S - 5A-68S.
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  165. Hodgson SF, Dickson ER, Eastell R, Eriksen EF, Bryant SC, Riggs BL. Rates of cancellous bone remodeling and turnover in osteopenia associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bone 1993 Nov-Dec; 14(6):819-27.
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  166. Oursler MJ, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Glucocorticoid-induced activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta by normal human osteoblast-like cells. Endocrinology 1993 Nov; 133(5):2187-96.
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  167. Ebeling PR, Jones JD, O'Fallon WM, Janes CH, Riggs BL. Short-term effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I on bone turnover in normal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993 Nov; 77(5):1384-7.
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  168. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Wahner HW, Riggs BL. Long-term fracture prediction by bone mineral assessed at different skeletal sites. J Bone Miner Res 1993 Oct; 8(10):1227-33.
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  169. Eastell R, Robins SP, Colwell T, Assiri AM, Riggs BL, Russell RG. Evaluation of bone turnover in type I osteoporosis using biochemical markers specific for both bone formation and bone resorption. Osteoporos Int 1993 Sep; 3(5):255-60.
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  170. Oursler MJ, Landers JP, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Oestrogen effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Ann Med 1993 Aug; 25(4):361-71.
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  171. Melton LJ 3rd, Lane AW, Cooper C, Eastell R, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Prevalence and incidence of vertebral deformities. Osteoporos Int 1993 May; 3(3):113-9.
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  172. Melton LJ 3rd, Bryant SC, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Malkasian GD, Judd HL, Riggs BL. Influence of breastfeeding and other reproductive factors on bone mass later in life. Osteoporos Int 1993 Mar; 3(2):76-83.
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  173. Lufkin EG, Riggs BL Jr. Author's reply. Ann Intern Med 1993 Jan 15; 118:156.
  174. Field CS, Ory SJ, Wahner HW, Herrmann RR, Judd HL, Riggs BL. Preventive effects of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol on osteoporotic changes after surgical menopause: a two-year placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 1993 Jan; 168(1 Pt 1):114-21.
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  175. Oursler MJ, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick L, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen action on bone cells: the osteoclasts. Fourth International Symposium on Osteoporosis 1993; 386-91.
  176. Ingram RT, Clarke B, Fisher LW, Riggs BL Jr, Fitzpatrick LA. Distribution of noncollagenous matrix proteins in the calcified matrix of adult bone: evidence of anatomical and functional heterogeneity. J Bone Miner Res 1993; 8:1019-1029.
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  177. Subramaniam M, Colvard D, Keeting PE, Rasmussen K, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Glucocorticoid regulation of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and proto-oncogenes in normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Cell Biochem 1992 Dec; 50(4):411-24.
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  178. Ebeling PR, Peterson JM, Riggs BL. Utility of type I procollagen propeptide assays for assessing abnormalities in metabolic bone diseases. J Bone Miner Res 1992 Nov; 7(11):1243-50.
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  179. Keeting PE, Oursler MJ, Wiegand KE, Bonde SK, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Zeolite A increases proliferation, differentiation, and transforming growth factor beta production in normal adult human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 1992 Nov; 7(11):1281-9.
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  180. Frye MA, Melton LJ 3rd, Bryant SC, Fitzpatrick LA, Wahner HW, Schwartz RS, Riggs BL. Osteoporosis and calcification of the aorta. Bone Miner 1992 Nov; 19(2):185-94.
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  181. Ebeling PR, Jones JD, Burritt MF, Duerson CR, Lane AW, Hassager C, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Skeletal responsiveness to endogenous parathyroid hormone in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992 Oct; 75(4):1033-8.
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  182. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1992 Aug 27; 327(9):620-7.
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  183. Lufkin EG, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Hodgson SF, Kotowicz MA, Lane AW, Judd HL, Caplan RH, Riggs BL. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen. Ann Intern Med 1992 Jul 1; 117(1):1-9.
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  184. Ebeling PR, Sandgren ME, DiMagno EP, Lane AW, DeLuca HF, Riggs BL. Evidence of an age-related decrease in intestinal responsiveness to vitamin D: relationship between serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and intestinal vitamin D receptor concentrations in normal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992 Jul; 75(1):176-82.
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  185. Hassager C, Fitzpatrick LA, Spencer EM, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Basal and regulated secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in osteoblast-like cells is cell line specific. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1992 Jul; 75(1):228-33.
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  186. Eastell R, Vieira NE, Yergey AL, Wahner HW, Silverstein MN, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Pernicious anaemia as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992 Jun; 82(6):681-5.
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  187. Riggs BL Jr. State of the art management of osteoporosis. The Practice of Internal Medicine-1992 1992 May 11-15; 87-9.
  188. Chaudhary LR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Production of various cytokines by normal human osteoblast-like cells in response to interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha: lack of regulation by 17 beta-estradiol. Endocrinology 1992 May; 130(5):2528-34.
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  189. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Judd HL, Melton LJ 3rd. Is caffeine consumption a risk factor for osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res 1992 Apr; 7(4):465-71.
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  190. Eastell R, Calvo MS, Burritt MF, Offord KP, Russell RG, Riggs BL. Abnormalities in circadian patterns of bone resorption and renal calcium conservation in type I osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992 Mar; 74(3):487-94.
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  191. Keeting PE, Scott RE, Colvard DS, Anderson MA, Oursler MJ, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL Jr. Development and characterization of a rapidly proliferating, well-differentiated cell line derived from adult human osteoblast-like cells transfected with SV40 large T antigen. J Bone Miner Res 1992 Feb; 7:127-36.
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  192. Osdoby P, Oursler MJ, Pyfferoen J, Riggs BL Jr, Spelsberg TC. The regulation of osteoclast activity. Int Congr Ser 1992; 1002:339-46.
  193. Eastell R, Simmons PS, Colwell T, Assiri AMA, Burritt MF, Russell RGG, Riggs BL Jr. Nyctohemeral changes in bone turnover assessed by serum bone Gla-protein concentration and urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion: effect of growth aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992; 8:375-382.
  194. Melton LJ, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, Lane AW, Riggs BL Jr. How many women have osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res 1992; 7:1005-1010.
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  195. Oursler MJ, Cortese C, Keeting P, Anderson MA, Bonde SK, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Modulation of transforming growth factor-beta production in normal human osteoblast-like cells by 17 beta-estradiol and parathyroid hormone. Endocrinology 1991 Dec; 129(6):3313-20.
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  196. Oursler MJ, Osdoby P, Pyfferoen J, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Avian osteoclasts as estrogen target cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991 Aug 1; 88(15):6613-7.
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  197. Eastell R, Dickson ER, Hodgson SF, Wiesner RH, Porayko MK, Wahner HW, Cedel SL, Riggs BL, Krom RA. Rates of vertebral bone loss before and after liver transplantation in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1991 Aug; 14(2):296-300.
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  198. Keeting PE, Rifas L, Harris SA, Colvard DS, Spelsberg TC, Peck WA, Riggs BL Jr. Evidence for interleukin-1B production by cultured normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Aug; 6:827-833.
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  199. Ebeling PR, Butler PC, Eastell R, Rizza RA, Riggs BL. The nocturnal increase in growth hormone is not the cause of the nocturnal increase in serum osteocalcin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991 Aug; 73(2):368-72.
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  200. Gonchoroff DG, Branum EL, Cedel SL, Riggs BL, O'Brien JF. Clinical evaluation of high-performance affinity chromatography for the separation of bone and liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Clin Chim Acta 1991 May 31; 199(1):43-50.
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  201. Hassager C, Bonde SK, Anderson MA, Rink H, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Procalcitonin NH2-terminal cleavage peptide has no mitogenic effect on normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Res 1991 May; 6(5):489-93.
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  202. Eastell R, Cedel SL, Wahner HW, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. Classification of vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Mar; 6(3):207-15.
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  203. Keeting PE, Scott RE, Colvard DS, Han IK, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Lack of a direct effect of estrogen on proliferation and differentiation of normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Mar; 6(3):297-304.
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  204. Eastell R, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Cedel SL, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Interrelationship among vitamin D metabolism, true calcium absorption, parathyroid function, and age in women: evidence of an age-related intestinal resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D action. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Feb; 6(2):125-32.
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  205. Riggs BL. Overview of osteoporosis. West J Med 1991 Jan; 154(1):63-77.
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  206. Eastell R, Mosekilde L, Hodgson SF, Riggs BL. Proportion of human vertebral body bone that is cancellous. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Dec; 5(12):1237-41.
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  207. Kotowicz MA, Hall S, Hunder GG, Cedel SL, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Relationship of glucocorticoid dosage to serum bone Gla-protein concentration in patients with rheumatologic disorders. Arthritis Rheum 1990 Oct; 33(10):1487-92.
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  208. Kotowicz MA, Klee GG, Kao PC, O'Fallon WM, Hodgson SF, Cedel SL, Eriksen EF, Gonchoroff DG, Judd HL, Riggs BL. Relationship between serum intact parathyroid hormone concentrations and bone remodeling in type I osteoporosis: evidence that skeletal sensitivity is increased. Osteoporos Int 1990 Oct; 1(1):14-22.
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  209. Beard CM, Melton LJ 3rd, Cedel SL, Richelson LS, Riggs BL. Ascertainment of risk factors for osteoporosis: comparison of interview data with medical record review. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Jul; 5(7):691-9.
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  210. Nelson D, Peterson E, Tilley B, O'Fallon WM, Chao E, Riggs BL, Kleerekoper M. Measurement of vertebral area on spine x-rays in osteoporosis: reliability of digitizing techniques. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Jul; 5(7):707-16.
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  211. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. Clinical review 8: Clinical heterogeneity of involutional osteoporosis: implications for preventive therapy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1990 May; 70(5):1229-32.
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  212. Tracy RP, Andrianorivo A, Riggs BL, Mann KG. Comparison of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody-based immunoassays for osteocalcin: a study of sources of variation in assay results. J Bone Miner Res 1990 May; 5(5):451-61.
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  213. Riggs BL. Clinical update on calcitriol: introduction. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental 1990 Apr; 39(4 Suppl 1):1-2.
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  214. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL Jr. Action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium balance and a bone turnover and its effect on vertebral fracture rate. Metabolism 1990 Apr; 39(Suppl 1):30-34.
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  215. Kotowicz MA, Melton LJ 3rd, Cedel SL, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Effect of age on variables relating to calcium and phosphorus metabolism in women. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Apr; 5(4):345-52.
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  216. Riggs BL, Hodgson SF, O'Fallon WM, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Muhs JM, Cedel SL, Melton LJ 3rd. Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990 Mar 22; 322(12):802-9.
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  217. Tsai KS, Ebeling PR, Riggs BL Jr. Bone responsiveness to parathyroid hormone in normal and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989 Nov; 69:1024-1027.
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  218. Eastell R, Vieira NE, Yergey AL, Riggs BL. One-day test using stable isotopes to measure true fractional calcium absorption. J Bone Miner Res 1989 Aug; 4(4):463-8.
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  219. Eastell R, Riggs BL, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Amadio PC, Melton LJ 3rd. Colles' fracture and bone density of the ultradistal radius. J Bone Miner Res 1989 Aug; 4(4):607-13.
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  220. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, Recker RR, Goldgar D. The effect of calcitriol on patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with special reference to fracture frequency. Experimental Biology & Medicine 1989 Jul; 191(3):287-92.
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  221. Melton LJ 3rd, Kan SH, Frye MA, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of vertebral fractures in women. Am J Epidemiol 1989 May; 129(5):1000-11.
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  222. Eastell R, Dewanjee MK, Riggs BL. Comparison of polyethylene glycol and chromium-51 chloride as nonabsorbable stool markers in calcium balance studies. Bone & Mineral 1989 Apr; 6(1):95-105.
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  223. Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Mechanisms of estrogen action on bone. Postgrad Med 1989 Apr; (Spec. No.):13-4, dicussion 33-43.
  224. Colvard DS, Eriksen EF, Keeting PE, Wilson EM, Lubahn DB, French FS, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989 Feb; 86(3):854-7.
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  225. Eastell R, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Amadio PC, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Unequal decrease in bone density of lumbar spine and ultradistal radius in Colles' and vertebral fracture syndromes. J Clin Invest 1989 Jan; 83(1):168-74.
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  226. Colvard D, Spelsberg T, Eriksen E, Keeting P, Riggs BL. Evidence of steroid receptors in human osteoblast-like cells. Connect Tissue Res 1989; 20(1-4):33-40.
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  227. Borke JL, Eriksen EF, Minami J, Keeting P, Mann KG, Penniston JT, Riggs BL, Kumar R. Epitopes of the human erythrocyte Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase pump in human osteoblast-like cell plasma membranes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988 Dec; 67(6):1299-304.
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  228. Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Brown ML, Morin RL, Riggs BL. Comparison of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and dual photon absorptiometry for bone mineral measurements of the lumbar spine. Mayo Clin Proc 1988 Nov; 63(11):1075-84.
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  229. Eastell R, Delmas PD, Hodgson SF, Eriksen EF, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Bone formation rate in older normal women: concurrent assessment with bone histomorphometry, calcium kinetics, and biochemical markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988 Oct; 67(4):741-8.
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  230. Eastell R, Riggs BL. Diagnostic evaluation of osteoporosis. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America 1988 Sep; 17(3):547-71.
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  231. Eriksen EF, Colvard DS, Berg NJ, Graham ML, Mann KG, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Science 1988 Jul 1; 241(4861):84-6.
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  232. Duda RJ Jr, O'Brien JF, Katzmann JA, Peterson JM, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Concurrent assays of circulating bone Gla-protein and bone alkaline phosphatase: effects of sex, age, and metabolic bone disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988 May; 66(5):951-7.
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  233. Peck WA, Riggs BL, Bell NH, Wallace RB, Johnston CC Jr, Gordon SL, Shulman LE. Research directions in osteoporosis. Am J Med 1988 Feb; 84(2):275-82.
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  234. Riggs BL Jr, Melton LJ. Osteoporosis and age-related fracture syndromes. Ciba Found Symp 1988; 134:129-42.
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  235. Tracy RP, Shull S, Riggs BL, Mann KG. The osteonectin family of proteins. Int J Biochem 1988; 20(7):653-60.
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  236. Melton LJ 3rd, Kan SH, Wahner HW, Riggs BL. Lifetime fracture risk: an approach to hip fracture risk assessment based on bone mineral density and age. J Clin Epidemiol 1988; 41(10):985-94.
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  237. Forero MS, Klein RF, Nissenson RA, Nelson K, Heath H 3rd, Arnaud CD, Riggs BL. Effect of age on circulating immunoreactive and bioactive parathyroid hormone levels in women. J Bone Miner Res 1987 Oct; 2(5):363-6.
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  238. Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Melton LJ 3rd, Richelson LS, Judd HL, O'Fallon WM. Dietary calcium intake and rates of bone loss in women. J Clin Invest 1987 Oct; 80(4):979-82.
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  239. Eastell R, Riggs BL, Kumar R. A primed-infusion technique for rapid estimation of the metabolic clearance rate of 1,25(OH)2D3. Am J Physiol 1987 Sep; 253(3 Pt 1):E246-50.
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  240. Melton LJ 3rd, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Secular trends in the incidence of hip fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 1987 Aug; 41(2):57-64.
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  241. Riggs BL. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 1987 May; 156(5):1342-6.
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  242. Tsai KS, Wahner HW, Offord KP, Melton LJ 3rd, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Effect of aging on vitamin D stores and bone density in women. Calcif Tissue Int 1987 May; 40(5):241-3.
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  243. Duda RJ, Kumar R, Nelson KI, Zinsmeister AR, Mann KG, Riggs BL. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D stimulation test for osteoblast function in normal and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. J Clin Invest 1987 Apr; 79(4):1249-53.
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  244. Riggs BL, Baylink DJ, Kleerekoper M, Lane JM, Melton LJ 3rd, Meunier PJ. Incidence of hip fractures in osteoporotic women treated with sodium fluoride. J Bone Miner Res 1987 Apr; 2(2):123-6.
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  245. Eastell R, Riggs BL. Treatment of osteoporosis. Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinics of North America 1987 Mar; 14(1):77-88.
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  246. Utz JP, Melton LJ 3rd, Kan SH, Riggs BL. Risk of osteoporotic fractures in women with breast cancer: a population-based cohort study. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40(2):105-13.
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  247. Eriksen EF, Riggs BL Jr, Kumar R. Osteoporosis: recent concepts and approaches to treatment. New Developments in Medicine 1987; 2:11-23.
  248. Riggs BL Jr. Questions and answers: mild postmenopausal serum calcium elevation. JAMA 1986 Dec 12; 256:3156-3157.
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  249. Riggs BL, Tsai KS, Mann KG. Effect of acute increases in bone matrix degradation on circulating levels of bone-Gla protein. J Bone Miner Res 1986 Dec; 1(6):539-42.
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  250. Stenner DD, Tracy RP, Riggs BL, Mann KG. Human platelets contain and secrete osteonectin, a major protein of mineralized bone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986 Sep; 83(18):6892-6.
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  251. Melton LJ 3rd, Wahner HW, Richelson LS, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Osteoporosis and the risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 1986 Aug; 124(2):254-61.
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  252. Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Melton LJ 3rd, Richelson LS, Judd HL, Offord KP. Rates of bone loss in the appendicular and axial skeletons of women. Evidence of substantial vertebral bone loss before menopause. J Clin Invest 1986 May; 77(5):1487-91.
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  253. O'Duffy JD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Johnson KA, Muhs JM, Beabout JW, Hodgson SF, Riggs BL. Mechanism of acute lower extremity pain syndrome in fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients. Am J Med 1986 Apr; 80(4):561-6.
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  254. Tremaine WJ, Newcomer AD, Riggs BL, McGill DB. Calcium absorption from milk in lactase-deficient and lactase-sufficient adults. Dig Dis Sci 1986 Apr; 31(4):376-8.
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  255. Romberg RW, Werness PG, Riggs BL, Mann KG. Inhibition of hydroxyapatite crystal growth by bone-specific and other calcium-binding proteins. Biochemistry 1986 Mar 11; 25(5):1176-80.
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  256. Wahner HW, Riggs BL. Methods and application of bone densitometry in clinical diagnosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1986; 24(3):217-33.
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  257. Riggs BL Jr, Melton LJ. Medical progress: involutional osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:1676-1686.
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  258. Epstein S, Bryce G, Hinman JW, Miller ON, Riggs BL, Hui SL, Johnston CC Jr. The influence of age on bone mineral regulating hormones. Bone 1986; 7(6):421-5.
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  259. Hodgson SF, Dickson ER, Wahner HW, Johnson KA, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Bone loss and reduced osteoblast function in primary biliary cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med 1985 Dec; 103(6 ( Pt 1)):855-60.
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  260. Wahner HW, Eastell R, Riggs BL. Bone mineral density of the radius: where do we stand? J Nucl Med 1985 Nov; 26(11):1339-41.
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  261. Riggs BL, Nelson KI. Effect of long term treatment with calcitriol on calcium absorption and mineral metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985 Sep; 61(3):457-61.
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  262. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Risk factors for injury after a fall. Clin Geriatr Med 1985 Aug; 1(3):525-39.
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  263. Tiegs RD, Body JJ, Wahner HW, Barta J, Riggs BL, Heath H 3rd. Calcitonin secretion in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1985 Apr 25; 312(17):1097-100.
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  264. Firth RG, Grant CS, Riggs BL. Development of hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism after long-term phosphate supplementation in hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. Report of two cases. Am J Med 1985 Apr; 78(4):669-73.
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  265. Romberg RW, Werness PG, Lollar P, Riggs BL, Mann KG. Isolation and characterization of native adult osteonectin. J Biol Chem 1985 Mar 10; 260(5):2728-36.
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  266. Heath H III, Tiegs RD, Body JJ, Riggs BL Jr, Brennan MD, Wahner HW. Estimates of circulating monomeric calcitonin in man: physiologic and pathophysiologic studies. Int Congr Ser 1985; 663:57-61.
  267. Hooyman JR, Melton LJ 3rd, Nelson AM, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Fractures after rheumatoid arthritis. A population-based study. Arthritis Rheum 1984 Dec; 27(12):1353-61.
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  268. Richelson LS, Wahner HW, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Relative contributions of aging and estrogen deficiency to postmenopausal bone loss. N Engl J Med 1984 Nov 15; 311(20):1273-5.
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  269. Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Riggs BL. Assessment of bone mineral. Part 2. J Nucl Med 1984 Nov; 25(11):1241-53.
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  270. Bennett AE, Wahner HW, Riggs BL, Hintz RL. Insulin-like growth factors I and II: aging and bone density in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984 Oct; 59(4):701-4.
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  271. Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Riggs BL Jr. Assessment of bone mineral. Part I. J Nucl Med 1984 Oct; 25:1134-1141.
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  272. Tsai KS, Heath H 3rd, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Impaired vitamin D metabolism with aging in women. Possible role in pathogenesis of senile osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1984 Jun; 73(6):1668-72.
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  273. Delmas PD, Tracy RP, Riggs BL, Mann KG. Identification of the noncollagenous proteins of bovine bone by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Calcif Tissue Int 1984 May; 36(3):308-16.
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  274. Stenner DD, Romberg RW, Tracy RP, Katzmann JA, Riggs BL, Mann KG. Monoclonal antibodies to native noncollagenous bone-specific proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984 May; 81(9):2868-72.
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  275. Delmas PD, Stenner DD, Romberg RW, Riggs BL, Mann KG. Immunochemical studies of conformational alterations in bone Gla-containing protein. Biochemistry 1984; 23:4720-5.
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  276. Christiansen C, Arnaud CD, Nordin BEC, Parfitt AM, Peck WA, Riggs BL Jr. Osteoporosis. Proceedings of the Copenhagen International Symposium on Osteoporosis, June 3-8, 1984. 1984.
  277. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. Evidence for two distinct syndromes of involutional osteoporosis. Am J Med 1983 Dec; 75(6):899-901.
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  278. Seeman E, Melton LJ 3rd, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Risk factors for spinal osteoporosis in men. Am J Med 1983 Dec; 75(6):977-83.
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  279. Delmas PD, Wilson DM, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Effect of renal function on plasma levels of bone Gla-protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983 Nov; 57(5):1028-30.
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  280. Delmas PD, Wahner HW, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Assessment of bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis by measurement of serum bone Gla-protein. Journal of Laboratory & Clinical Medicine 1983 Oct; 102(4):470-6.
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  281. Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Riggs BL. Noninvasive bone mineral measurements. Semin Nucl Med 1983 Jul; 13(3):282-9.
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  282. Delmas PD, Stenner D, Wahner HW, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Increase in serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein with aging in women. Implications for the mechanism of age-related bone loss. J Clin Invest 1983 May; 71(5):1316-21.
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  283. Davidson BJ, Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Judd HL. Endogenous cortisol and sex steroids in patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures. Obstetrics & Gynecology 1983 Mar; 61(3):275-8.
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  284. Riggs BL Jr. Questions and answers. Supplemental calcium absorption. JAMA 1983 Feb 11; 249:815.
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  285. Riggs BL Jr, Melton LJ, Wahner HW. Heterogeneity of involutional osteoporosis: evidence for two distinct osteoporosis syndromes. Int Congr Ser 1983; 617:337-342.
  286. Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Offord K, Riggs BL Jr. Dual-photon absorptiometry: clinical considerations. Int Congr Ser 1983; 617:34-39.
  287. Owen RA, Melton LJ 3rd, Ilstrup DM, Johnson KA, Riggs BL. Colles' fracture and subsequent hip fracture risk. Clin Orthop 1982 Nov-Dec; (171):37-43.
  288. Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Seeman E, Offord KP, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Johnson KA, Melton LJ 3rd. Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging. Differences between the postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis syndromes. J Clin Invest 1982 Oct; 70(4):716-23.
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  289. Rose SH, Melton LJ 3rd, Morrey BF, Ilstrup DM, Riggs BL. Epidemiologic features of humeral fractures. Clin Orthop 1982 Aug; 168:24-30.
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  290. Melton LJ 3rd, Ilstrup DM, Beckenbaugh RD, Riggs BL. Hip fracture recurrence. A population-based study. Clin Orthop 1982 Jul; 167:131-8.
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  291. Owen RA, Melton LJ 3rd, Johnson KA, Ilstrup DM, Riggs BL. Incidence of Colles' fracture in a North American community. Am J Public Health 1982 Jun; 72(6):605-7.
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  292. Seeman E, Wahner HW, Offord KP, Kumar R, Johnson WJ, Riggs BL. Differential effects of endocrine dysfunction on the axial and the appendicular skeleton. J Clin Invest 1982 Jun; 69(6):1302-9.
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  293. Gallagher JC, Jerpbak CM, Jee WS, Johnson KA, DeLuca HF, Riggs BL. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3: short- and long-term effects on bone and calcium metabolism in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982 May; 79(10):3325-9.
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  294. Riggs BL, Seeman E, Hodgson SF, Taves DR, O'Fallon WM. Effect of the fluoride/calcium regimen on vertebral fracture occurrence in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Comparison with conventional therapy. N Engl J Med 1982 Feb 25; 306(8):446-50.
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  295. Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Riggs BL Jr. Age related bone loss in predominantly cortical and trabecular bone sites measured by photon absorptiometry. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1982 Feb; 6:209-210.
  296. Melton LJ 3rd, Ilstrup DM, Riggs BL, Beckenbaugh RD. Fifty-year trend in hip fracture incidence. Clin Orthop 1982 Jan-Feb; (162):144-9.
  297. Riggs BL, Hamstra A, DeLuca HF. Assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1 alpha-hydroxylase reserve in postmenopausal osteoporosis by administration of parathyroid extract. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981 Oct; 53(4):833-5.
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  298. Seeman E, Riggs BL. Dietary prevention of bone loss in the elderly. Geriatrics 1981 Sep; 36(9):71-3, 75, 79.
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  299. Kumar R, Riggs BL Jr. Series on pharmacology in practice: 11. Vitamin D in the therapy of disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Mayo Clin Proc 1981 May; 56:327-333.
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  300. Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Offord KP, Melton LJ 3rd. Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1981 Feb; 67(2):328-35.
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  301. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, DeLuca HF. Effect of estrogen on calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980 Dec; 51(6):1359-64.
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  302. Gallagher JC, Melton LJ, Riggs BL. Examination of prevalence rates of possible risk factors in a population with a fracture of the proximal femur. Clin Orthop 1980 Nov-Dec; (153):158-65.
  303. Seeman E, Kumar R, Hunder GG, Scott M, Heath H 3rd, Riggs BL. Production, degradation, and circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in health and in chronic glucocorticoid excess. J Clin Invest 1980 Oct; 66(4):664-9.
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  304. Dunn WL, Wahner HW, Riggs BL. Measurement of bone mineral content in human vertebrae and hip by dual photon absorptiometry. Radiology 1980 Aug; 136(2):485-7.
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  305. Owen RA, Melton LJ 3rd, Gallagher JC, Riggs BL. The national cost of acute care of hip fractures associated with osteoporosis. Clin Orthop 1980 Jul-Aug; (150):172-6.
  306. Gallagher JC, Melton LJ, Riggs BL, Bergstrath E. Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal femur in Rochester, Minnesota. Clin Orthop 1980 Jul-Aug; (150):163-71.
  307. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, Jerpbak CM, Arnaud CD. The effect of age on serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in normal and osteoporotic women. Journal of Laboratory & Clinical Medicine 1980 Mar; 95(3):373-85.
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  308. Davidson BJ, Riggs BL, Coulam CB, Toft DO. Concentration of cytosolic estrogen receptors in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 1980 Feb 15; 136(4):430-3.
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  309. Kumar R, Abboud CF, Riggs BL. The effect of elevated prolactin levels on plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and intestinal absorption of calcium. Mayo Clin Proc 1980 Jan; 55(1):51-3.
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  310. Wahner HW, Dunn W, Riggs BL Jr. Bone mineral measurements by dual photon absorptiometry. Nuklearmedizin Suppl 1980; 17:98-102.
  311. Riggs BL Jr, Hodgson SF, Hoffman DL, Kelly PJ, Johnson KA. Treatment of primary osteoporosis with fluoride and calcium: clinical tolerance and fracture occurrence. JAMA 1980; 243:446-449.
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  312. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, Eisman J, Hamstra A, Arnaud SB, DeLuca HF. Intestinal calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects and osteoporotic patients: effect of age and dietary calcium. J Clin Invest 1979 Sep; 64(3):729-36.
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  313. Riggs BL. Postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis: current concepts of etiology and treatment. Endocrinol Jpn 1979 Jun; 26(Suppl):31-41.
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  314. Riggs BL, Gallagher JC, DeLuca HF, Edis AJ, Lambert PW, Arnaud CD. A syndrome of osteoporosis, increased serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, and inappropriately low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Mayo Clin Proc 1978 Nov; 53(11):701-6.
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  315. Jowsey J, Riggs BL, Kelly PJ, Hoffman DL. Calcium and salmon calcitonin in treatment of osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978 Sep; 47(3):633-9.
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  316. Jowsey J, Riggs BL. Effect of concurrent calcium ingestion on intestinal absorption of fluoride. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental 1978 Aug; 27(8):971-4.
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  317. Nelson AM, Riggs BL, Jowsey JO. Atypical axial osteomalacia. Report of four cases with two having features of ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum 1978 Jul-Aug; 21(6):715-22.
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  318. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL. Current concepts in nutrition. Nutrition and bone disease. N Engl J Med 1978 Jan 26; 298(4):193-5.
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  319. Riggs BL Jr, Gallagher JC. Intestinal calcium absorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis: possible role of vitamin D. Int Congr Ser 1978; 421:43-47.
  320. Klein RG, Arnaud SB, Gallagher JC, Deluca HF, Riggs BL. Intestinal calcium absorption in exogenous hypercortisonism. Role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and corticosteroid dose. J Clin Invest 1977 Jul; 60(1):253-9.
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  321. Wahner HW, Riggs BL, Beabout JW. Diagnosis of osteoporosis: usefulness of photon absorptiometry at the radius. J Nucl Med 1977 May; 18(5):432-7.
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  322. Goldsmith RS, Jowsey J, Dube WJ, Riggs BL, Arnaud CD, Kelly PJ. Effects of phosphorus supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone and bone morphology in osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976 Sep; 43(3):523-32.
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  323. Bartizal FJ, Coulam CB, Gaffey TA, Ryan RJ, Riggs BL. Impaired binding of estradiol to vaginal mucosal cells in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Res 1976 Aug; 21(Suppl):412-6.
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  324. Riggs BL Jr, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Arnaud CD. Role of hormonal factors in pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Isr J Med Sci 1976 Jul; 12:615-619.
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  325. Riggs BL, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Hoffman DL, Arnaud CD. Effects of oral therapy with calcium and vitamin D in primary osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976 Jun; 42(6):1139-44.
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  326. Bartizal FJ, Coulam CB, Gaffey TA, Ryan RJ, Riggs BL Jr. Impaired binding of estradiol to vaginal mucosal cells in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Gynecol Invest 1976; 7:330-336.
  327. Dauphine RT, Riggs BL, Scholz DA. Back pain and vertebral crush fractures: an unemphasized mode of presentation for primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1975 Sep; 83(3):365-7.
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  328. Smith LH, Riggs BL. Clinical and laboratory considerations in metabolic bone disease. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1975 Jul-Aug; 5(4):252-6.
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  329. Maldonado JE, Riggs BL, Bayrd ED. Pseudomyeloma. Is association of severe osteoporosis with serum monoclonal gammopathy an entity or a coincidence? Arch Intern Med 1975 Feb; 135(2):267-70.
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  330. Scholz DA, Purnell DC, Goldsmith RS, Smith LH, Riggs B, Arnaud CD. Hypercalcemia and cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 1975 Jan-Feb; 25(1):27-30.
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  331. Benson RC Jr, Riggs BL, Pickard BM, Arnaud CD. Immunoreactive forms of circulating parathyroid hormone in primary and ectopic hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Invest 1974 Jul; 54(1):175-81.
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  332. Benson RC Jr, Riggs BL, Pickard BM, Arnaud CD. Radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone in hypercalcemic patients with malignant disease. Am J Med 1974 Jun; 56(6):821-6.
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  333. Jowsey J, Riggs BL Jr, Kelly PJ. Treatment of postmenopausal or senile osteoporosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1974 May; 4:567-72.
  334. Riggs BL. Management of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis. J Ark Med Soc 1974 Mar; 70(10):317-22.
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  335. Riggs BL Jr. Questions and answers. Bone disease associated with malabsorption: osteoporosis or osteomalacia? J Am Med Assoc 1974; 230(10):1442-1443.
  336. Langloh ND, Hunder GG, Riggs BL, Kelly JP. Transient painful osteoporosis of the lower extremities. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1973 Sep; 55(6):1188-96.
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  337. Riggs B, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Arnaud CD. Bone turnover-sex hormone-parathyroid hormone interrelationships in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1973 Jul 30; 49(12):732-7.
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  338. Riggs BL, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Hoffman DL, Arnaud CD. Studies on pathogenesis and treatment in postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis. Clinics in Endocrinology & Metabolism 1973 Jul; 2(2):317-32.
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  339. Riggs BL, Ryan RJ, Wahner HW, Jiang NS, Mattox VR. Serum concentrations of estrogen, testosterone, and gonadotropins in osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973 Jun; 36(6):1097-9.
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  340. Riggs BL Jr, Jowsey J. Management of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis. Drug Ther 1973 May; 3:45-53.
  341. Jowsey J, Riggs BL Jr. Seeking successful treatment for osteoporosis. Mod Med 1973 Mar 5; 41:36-42.
  342. Singh M, Riggs BL, Beabout JW, Jowsey J. Femoral trabecular pattern index for evaluation of spinal osteoporosis. A detailed methodologic description. Mayo Clin Proc 1973 Mar; 48(3):184-9.
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  343. Scholz DA, Riggs BL Jr, Purnell DC, Goldsmith RS, Arnaud CD. Ectopic hyperparathyroidism with renal calculi and subperiosteal bone resorption. Mayo Clin Proc 1973 Feb; 48:124-126.
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  344. Riggs BL, Arnaud CD, Jowsey J, Goldsmith RS, Kelly PJ. Parathyroid function in primary osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1973 Jan; 52(1):181-4.
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  345. Riggs BL Jr, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ. Three-stage medical therapy improves osteoporosis results. Internist Obs 1973; 11:2.
  346. Riggs BL Jr, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Hoffman DL. Quantitative evaluation of therapy for postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis. Int Congr Ser 1973; 270:318-328.
  347. Jowsey J, Riggs BL Jr, Kelly PJ. The etiology and treatment of osteoporosis. Int Congr Ser 1973; 291:358-363.
  348. Jowsey J, Riggs BL, Kelly PJ. New concepts in the treatment of osteoporosis. Postgrad Med 1972 Oct; 52(4):62-7.
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  349. Scholz DA, Purnell DC, Goldsmith RS, Smith LH, Riggs BL, Arnaud CD. Diagnostic considerations in hypercalcemic syndromes. Med Clin North Am 1972 Jul; 56(4):941-50.
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  350. Riggs BL, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Hoffman DL. Treatment for postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis. Med Clin North Am 1972 Jul; 56(4):989-97.
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  351. Riggs BL Jr, Jowsey J, Goldsmith RS, Kelly PJ, Hoffman DL, Arnaud CD. Short-term and long-term effects of estrogen and synthetic anabolic hormone in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1972 Jul; 51:1659-1663.
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  352. Singh M, Riggs BL, Beabout JW, Jowsey J. Femoral trabecular-pattern index for evaluation of spinal osteoporosis. Ann Intern Med 1972 Jul; 77(1):63-7.
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  353. Jowsey J, Riggs BL, Kelly PJ, Hoffmann DL. Effect of combined therapy with sodium fluoride, vitamin D and calcium in osteoporosis. Am J Med 1972 Jul; 53(1):43-9.
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  354. Riggs BL, Jowsey J. Treatment of Paget's disease with fluoride. Semin Drug Treat 1972 Summer; 2(1):65-8.
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  355. Riggs BL, Jowsey J. Treatment of osteoporosis with fluoride. Semin Drug Treat 1972 Summer; 2(1):27-33.
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  356. Riggs BL, Randall RV, Wahner HW, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Singh M. The nature of the metabolic bone disorder in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1972 Jun; 34(6):911-8.
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  357. Jowsey J, Riggs BL. Assessment of bone turnover by microradiography and autoradiography. Semin Nucl Med 1972 Jan; 2(1):3-17.
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  358. Riggs BL Jr, Arnaud CD, Smith LH. Immunologic differentiation of primary hyperparathyroidism from hyperparathyroidism due to non-parathyroid cancer. Int Congr Ser 1972; 243:210-212.
  359. Jowsey J, Riggs BL, Goldsmith RS, Kelly PJ, Arnaud CD. Effects of prolonged administration of porcine calcitonin in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1971 Nov; 33(5):752-8.
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  360. Johnson KA, Riggs BL, Kelly PJ, Jowsey J. Osteoid tissue in normal and osteoporotic individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1971 Nov; 33(5):745-51.
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  361. Jowsey J, Riggs BL Jr, Kelly PJ, Hoffman DL, Bordier P. The treatment of osteoporosis with disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate. J Lab Clin Med 1971 Oct; 78:574-584.
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  362. Riggs BL Jr, Marshall JH, Jowsey J, Heaney RP, Bassingthwaighte JB. Quantitative Ca45 antoradiography of human bone. J Lab Clin Med 1971 Oct; 78:585-598.
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  363. Riggs BL, Arnaud CD, Reynolds JC, Smith LH. Immunologic differentiation of primary hyperparathyroidism from hyperparathyroidism due to nonparathyroid cancer. J Clin Invest 1971 Oct; 50(10):2079-83.
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  364. Riggs BL, Arnaud CD, Goldsmith RS, Taylor WF, McCall JT, Sessler AD. Plasma kinetics and acute effects of pharmacologic doses of porcine calcitonin in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1971 Jul; 33(1):115-27.
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  365. Riggs BL, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Wahner HW. Special procedures for assessing metabolic bone disease. Med Clin North Am 1970 Jul; 54(4):1061-70.
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  366. Riggs BL Jr, Bassingthwaighte JB, Jowsey J, Pequegnat EP. Autoradiographic method for quantitation of deposition and distribution of radiocalcium in bone. J Lab Clin Med 1970 Mar; 75:520-528.
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  367. Stickler GB, Beabout JW, Riggs BL. Vitamin D-resistant rickets: clinical experience with 41 typical familial hypophosphatemic patients and 2 atypical nonfamilial cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1970 Mar;45(3):197-218.
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  368. Jowsey J, Riggs BL. Bone formation in hypercortisonism. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1970 Jan; 63(1):21-8.
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  369. Riggs BL, Sprague RG, Jowsey J, Maher FT. Adult-onset vitamin-D-resistant hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. Effect of total parathyroidectomy. N Engl J Med 1969 Oct 2; 281(14):762-6.
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  370. Riggs BL, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Jones JD, Maher FT. Effect of sex hormones on bone in primary osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1969 Jun; 48(6):1065-72.
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  371. Plummer AL, Randall RV, Riggs BL. Active acromegaly with anterior pituitary failure. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental 1969 Jun; 18(6):469-75.
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  372. Jowsey J, Riggs BL. Bone changes in a patient with hypervitaminosis A. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1968 Dec; 28(12):1833-5.
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  373. Riggs BL Jr. Diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis. Postgrad Med 1968 Oct; 44:224-229.
  374. Riggs BL Jr, Jones JD, Arnaud CD. Effect of calcium infusion on serum calcium levels in hypothyroidism. Metabolism 1968 Aug; 17:747-750.
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  375. Adams P, Chalmers TM, Riggs BL Jr, Jones JD. Parathyroid function in spontaneous primary hypothyroidism. J Endocrinol 1968 Apr; 40(4):467-75.
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  376. Riggs BL, Jowsey J, Ackerman E, Hazelrig JB. Ability of 47 Ca kinetic analysis to discriminate metabolic states affecting bone formation in dogs. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental 1967 Nov; 16(11):1064-73.
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  377. Cloutier MD, Hayles AB, Riggs BL Jr, Jowsey J, Bickel WH. Juvenile osteoporosis. Report of a case including a description of some metabolic and microradiographic studies. Pediatrics 1967 Oct; 40:649-655.
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  378. Birtwell WM Jr, Riggs L, Peterson LF, Jones JD. Hypophosphatasia in an adult. Arch Intern Med 1967 Jul; 120(1):90-3.
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  379. Riggs BL, Kelly PJ, Kinney WR, Scholz DA, Bianco AJ Jr. Calcium deficiency and osteoporosis. Observations in one hundred and sixty-six patients and critical review of the literature. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1967 Jul; 49(5):915-24.
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  380. Kelly PJ, Jowsey J, Riggs BL, Elveback LR. Relationship between serum phosphate concentration and bone resorption in osteoporosis. Journal of Laboratory & Clinical Medicine 1967 Jan; 69(1):110-5.
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  381. Adams PH, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Riggs BL Jr, Kinney VR, Jones JD. Effects of hyperthyroidism on bone and mineral metabolism in man. Q J Med 1967 Jan; 36:1-15.
  382. Riggs BL, Jowsey J, Kelly PJ. Quantitative microradiographic study of bone remodeling in Cushing's syndrome. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental 1966 Sep; 15(9):773-80.
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  383. Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Riggs BL Jr, Bianco AJ Jr, Scholz DA, Gershon-Cohen J. Quantitative microradiographic studies of normal and osteoporotic bone. J Bone Joint Surg 1965 Jun; 47-A,785-806:872.
  384. Riggs BL Jr, Kelly PJ, Jowsey J, Keating FR Jr. Skeletal alterations in hyperparathyroidism, determination of bone formation, resorption, and morphologic changes by microradiography. J Clin Endocrinol 1965 Jun; 25:777-783.
  385. Kelly PJ, Jowsey J, Riggs BL Jr. A comparison of different morphologic methods of determining bone formation. Clin Orthop 1965 May-Jun; 40:7-11.
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  386. Jowsey J, Riggs BL Jr, Kelly PJ. Mineral metabolism in osteocytes. Mayo Clin Proc 1964 Jul; 39:480-484.
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  387. Scholz DA, Riggs BL Jr, Bahn RC, Liddle GW. Clinics on endocrine and metabolic disease. 8. Adrenocortical hyperfunction associated with a corticotropin-secreting bronchogenic carcinoma, report of case. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 1963 Jan 30; 38:45-51.
  388. Riggs BL Jr, Jones JD, Randall RV. Clinics on endocrine and metabolic diseases. 7. Primary hyperparathyroidism, report of a case in which the diagnosis was made by serendipity. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 1962 Apr 25; 37:250-252.
  389. Riggs BL Jr, Sprague RG. Association of Cushing's syndrome and neoplastic disease, observations in 232 cases of Cushing's syndrome and review of literature. Arch Intern Med 1961 Dec; 108:841-849.
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  390. Riggs BL Jr, Geraci JE, Prickman LE. Untoward reactions to antibiotics. Minn Med 1961 Oct; 44:406-416.
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  391. Riggs BL Jr, Randall RV. Clinics on endocrine and metabolic diseases. 2. Diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus, report of case. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 1960 Jan 20; 35:30-33.
  392. Riggs BL. Hormonal factors in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis Horm Reprod Metab 1986; 3:265-73.
  393. Eastell R, Riggs BL. Calcium homeostasis and osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin 1987; 16:829-42.
  394. Eastell R, Riggs BL. New approaches to the treatment of osteoporosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1987; 30:860-70.
  395. Spotila LD, Constantinou CD, Sereda L, Ganguly A, Riggs BL, Prockop DJ. Mutation in a gene for type I procollagen (COL1A2) in a woman with postmenopausal osteoporosis: Eveidence for phenotypic and genotypic overlap with mild osteogenesis imperfecta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88:5423-7.
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  396. Riggs BL. Treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride or parathyroid hormone Am J Med 1991; 91(5B):37S-41S.
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  397. Kang AH, Krane SM, LeRoy EC, Riggs BL, Goldberg VM. Scientific workshop on the biology and pathology of acquired connective tissue diseases Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35:1289-95.
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  398. Riggs BL. Calcitriol in disorders of bone and calcium metabolism Clin Therapeutics 1980; 3:33-39.
  399. Riggs BL. Etiology and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Rheumatologie 1981; 33:255-62.


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