Publications - B. L. Riggs, M.D.

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  1. Nicks KM, Amin S, Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, McCready LK, Riggs BL, Engelke K, Khosla S. Three-dimensional structural analysis of the proximal femur in an age-stratified sample of women. Bone. 2013 Jul; 55(1):179-88. Epub 2013 Feb 26.
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  2. Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd. Better tools for assessing osteoporosis. J Clin Invest. 2012 Dec 03; 122(12):4323-4.
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  3. Nicks KM, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S. Relationship of age to bone microstructure independent of areal bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res. 2012 Mar; 27(3):637-44.
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  4. Srinivasan B, Kopperdahl DL, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Camp J, Robb RA, Riggs BL, Orwoll ES, Melton LJ 3rd, Keaveny TM, Khosla S. Relationship of femoral neck areal bone mineral density to volumetric bone mineral density, bone size, and femoral strength in men and women. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Jan; 23(1):155-62. Epub 2011 Nov 05.
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  5. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Muller R, Achenbach SJ, Christen D, Atkinson EJ, Amin S, Khosla S. Determinants of forearm strength in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Dec; 22(12):3047-54. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
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  6. Kirmani S, Atkinson EJ, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Amin S, Khosla S. Relationship of testosterone and osteocalcin levels during growth. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Sep; 26(9):2212-6.
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  7. Drake MT, Srinivasan B, Modder UI, Ng AC, Undale AH, Roforth MM, Peterson JM, McCready LK, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment on osteoprogenitor cells in postmenopausal women. Bone. 2011 Sep; 49(3):349-55. Epub 2011 May 11.
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  8. Amin S, Kopperdhal DL, Melton LJ 3rd, Achenbach SJ, Therneau TM, Riggs BL, Keaveny TM, Khosla S. Association of hip strength estimates by finite-element analysis with fractures in women and men. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Jul; 26(7):1593-600.
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  9. Melton LJ 3rd, Marquez MA, McCready LK, Achenbach SJ, Riggs BL, Amin S, Khosla S. Trabecular bone deficits among Vietnamese immigrants. Osteoporos Int. 2011 May; 22(5):1627-31. Epub 2010 Jul 24.
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  10. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. The unitary model for estrogen deficiency and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis: is a revision needed? J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Mar; 26(3):441-51.
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  11. Modder UI, Hoey KA, Amin S, McCready LK, Achenbach SJ, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S. Relation of age, gender, and bone mass to circulating sclerostin levels in women and men. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Feb; 26(2):373-9.
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  12. Modder UI, Clowes JA, Hoey K, Peterson JM, McCready L, Oursler MJ, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Regulation of circulating sclerostin levels by sex steroids in women and in men. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Jan; 26(1):27-34.
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  13. Undale A, Srinivasan B, Drake M, McCready L, Atkinson E, Peterson J, Riggs BL, Amin S, Modder UI, Khosla S. Corrigendum to "Circulating osteogenic cells: Characterization and relationship to rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women" [Bone 47 (2010) 83-92]. Bone. 2011; 48(3):671.
  14. Drake MT, Srinivasan B, Modder UI, Peterson JM, McCready LK, Riggs BL, Dwyer D, Stolina M, Kostenuik P, Khosla S. Effects of parathyroid hormone treatment on circulating sclerostin levels in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Nov; 95(11):5056-62. Epub 2010 Jul 14.
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  15. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Keaveny TM, Achenbach SJ, Kopperdahl D, Camp JJ, Rouleau PA, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Robb RA, Therneau TM, Khosla S. Relation of vertebral deformities to bone density, structure, and strength. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Sep; 25(9):1922-30.
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  16. Undale A, Srinivasan B, Drake M, McCready L, Atkinson E, Peterson J, Riggs BL, Amin S, Modder UI, Khosla S. Circulating osteogenic cells: characterization and relationship to rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women. Bone. 2010 Jul; 47(1):83-92. Epub 2010 Mar 31.
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  17. Melton LJ 3rd, Christen D, Riggs BL, Achenbach SJ, Muller R, van Lenthe GH, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S. Assessing forearm fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2010 Jul; 21(7):1161-9. Epub 2009 Aug 28.
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  18. Keaveny TM, Kopperdahl DL, Melton LJ 3rd, Hoffmann PF, Amin S, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Age-dependence of femoral strength in white women and men. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 May; 25(5):994-1001.
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  19. Modder UI, Achenbach SJ, Amin S, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S. Relation of serum serotonin levels to bone density and structural parameters in women. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Feb; 25(2):415-22.
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  20. Riggs BL. Bone turnover in age-related osteoporosis: early contributions of Pierre Delmas. Osteoporos Int. 2009 Aug; 20(8):1289-90.
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  21. Kirmani S, Christen D, van Lenthe GH, Fischer PR, Bouxsein ML, McCready LK, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Amin S, Muller R, Khosla S. Bone structure at the distal radius during adolescent growth. J Bone Miner Res. 2009 Jun; 24(6):1033-42.
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  22. Clowes JA, Eghbali-Fatourechi GZ, McCready L, Oursler MJ, Khosla S, Riggs BL. Estrogen action on bone marrow osteoclast lineage cells of postmenopausal women in vivo. Osteoporos Int. 2009 May; 20(5):761-9. Epub 2008 Sep 04.
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  23. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Leibson CL, Achenbach SJ, Camp JJ, Bouxsein ML, Atkinson EJ, Robb RA, Khosla S. A bone structural basis for fracture risk in diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Dec; 93(12):4804-9. Epub 2008 Sep 16.
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  24. Riggs BL, Seeman E. Pierre D Delmas. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Oct; 23(10):1539-40.
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  25. Khosla S, Amin S, Singh RJ, Atkinson EJ, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Comparison of sex steroid measurements in men by immunoassay versus mass spectroscopy and relationships with cortical and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int. 2008 Oct; 19(10):1465-71. Epub 2008 Mar 13.
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  26. Syed FA, Oursler MJ, Hefferanm TE, Peterson JM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Effects of estrogen therapy on bone marrow adipocytes in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Osteoporos Int. 2008 Sep; 19(9):1323-30. Epub 2008 Feb 15.
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  27. Riggs BL, Melton LJ, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, McDaniel L, Amin S, Rouleau PA, Khosla S. A population-based assessment of rates of bone loss at multiple skeletal sites: evidence for substantial trabecular bone loss in young adult women and men. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Feb; 23(2):205-14.
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  28. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Keaveny TM, Achenbach SJ, Hoffmann PF, Camp JJ, Rouleau PA, Bouxsein ML, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Robb RA, Khosla S. Structural determinants of vertebral fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Dec; 22(12):1885-92.
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  29. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, van Lenthe GH, Achenbach SJ, Muller R, Bouxsein ML, Amin S, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S. Contribution of in vivo structural measurements and load/strength ratios to the determination of forearm fracture risk in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Sep; 22(9):1442-8.
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  30. Amin S, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd, Achenbach SJ, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S. High serum IGFBP-2 is predictive of increased bone turnover in aging men and women. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Jun; 22(6):799-807.
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  31. Charatcharoenwitthaya N, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, McCready LK, Riggs BL. Effect of blockade of TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 action on bone resorption in early postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 May; 22(5):724-9.
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  32. Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Achenbach SJ, Amin S, Camp JJ, Rouleau PA, Robb RA, Oberg AL, Khosla S. Does reduced skeletal loading account for age-related bone loss? J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Dec; 21(12):1847-55.
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  33. Bouxsein ML, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Muller J, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Rouleau PA, McCollough CH, Khosla S. Age- and sex-specific differences in the factor of risk for vertebral fracture: a population-based study using QCT. J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Sep; 21(9):1475-82.
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  34. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Achenbach SJ, Oberg AL, Riggs BL. Hormonal and biochemical determinants of trabecular microstructure at the ultradistal radius in women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Mar; 91(3):885-91. Epub 2005 Dec 20.
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  35. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, Rouleau PA, McCollough CH, Khosla S, Bouxsein ML. Population-based analysis of the relationship of whole bone strength indices and fall-related loads to age- and sex-specific patterns of hip and wrist fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Feb; 21(2):315-23. Epub 2005 Oct 31.
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  36. Khosla S, Riggs BL, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, McDaniel LJ, Holets M, Peterson JM, Melton LJ 3rd. Effects of sex and age on bone microstructure at the ultradistal radius: a population-based noninvasive in vivo assessment. J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Jan; 21(1):124-31. Epub 2005 Oct 03.
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  37. Melton LJ 3rd, Wenger DE, Atkinson EJ, Achenbach SJ, Berquist TH, Riggs BL, Jiang G, Eastell R. Influence of baseline deformity definition on subsequent vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2006; 17(7):978-85. Epub 2006 Apr 28.
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  38. Clowes JA, Riggs BL, Khosla S. The role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Immunol Rev. 2005 Dec; 208:207-27.
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  39. Melton LJ, Looker AC, Shepherd JA, O'Connor MK, Achenbach SJ, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Osteoporosis assessment by whole body region vs. site-specific DXA. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Dec; 16(12):1558-64.
  40. Khosla S, Riggs BL. Pathophysiology of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis. Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America. 2005 Dec; 34(4):1015-30.
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  41. Khosla S, Riggs BL, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Achenbach SJ, Oberg AL, Rouleau PA, Melton LJ 3rd. Relationship of volumetric bone density and structural parameters at different skeletal sites to sex steroid levels in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Sep; 90(9):5096-103. Epub 2005 Jul 05.
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  42. Eghbali-Fatourechi GZ, Lamsam J, Fraser D, Nagel D, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Circulating osteoblast-lineage cells in humans. N Engl J Med. 2005 May 12; 352(19):1959-66.
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  43. Melton LJ 3rd, Beck TJ, Amin S, Khosla S, Achenbach SJ, Oberg AL, Riggs BL. Contributions of bone density and structure to fracture risk assessment in men and women. Osteoporos Int. 2005 May; 16(5):460-7.
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  44. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, Rouleau PA, Riggs BL. Relationship of volumetric BMD and structural parameters at different skeletal sites to sex steroid levels in men. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 May; 20(5):730-40.
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  45. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S, Oberg AL, Riggs BL. Evaluation of a prediction model for long-term fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Apr; 20(4):551-6. Epub 2004 Dec 06.
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  46. Riggs BL, Parfitt AM. Drugs used to treat osteoporosis: the critical need for a uniform nomenclature based on their action on bone remodeling. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Feb; 20(2):177-84. Epub 2004 Nov 16.
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  47. Sanyal A, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S. Bone marrow stromal cells express two distinct splice variants of ER-alpha that are regulated by estrogen. J Cell Biochem. 2005 Jan 1; 94(1):88-97.
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  48. Nagel DE, Khosla S, Sanyal A, Rosen DM, Kumagai Y, Riggs BL. A fragment of the hypophosphatemic factor, MEPE, requires inducible cyclooxygenase-2 to exert potent anabolic effects on normal human marrow osteoblast precursors. J Cell Biochem. 2004 Dec 15; 93(6):1107-14.
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  49. Riggs BL, Melton LJ, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, Peterson JM, Rouleau PA, McCollough CH, Bouxsein ML, Khosla S. Population-based study of age and sex differences in bone volumetric density, size, geometry, and structure at different skeletal sites. J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Dec; 19(12):1945-54.
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  50. Modder UIL, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC, Fraser DG, Atkinson EJ, Arnold R, Khosla S. Dose-response of estrogen on bone versus the uterus in ovariectomized mice. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2004 Oct; 151(4):503-10.
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  51. Johnson GB, Riggs BL, Platt JL. A genetic basis for the "Adonis" phenotype of low adiposity and strong bones. FASEB J. 2004 Aug; 18(11):1282-4. Epub 2004 Jun 18.
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  52. Doran PM, Turner RT, Chen D, Facteau SM, Ludvigson JM, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Russell SJ. Native osteoprotegerin gene transfer inhibits the development of murine osteolytic bone disease induced by tumor xenografts. Exp Hematol. 2004 Apr; 32(4):351-9.
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  53. Modder UI, Sanyal A, Kearns AE, Sibonga JD, Nishihara E, Xu J, O'Malley BW, Ritman EL, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S. Effects of loss of steroid receptor coactivator-1 on the skeletal response to estrogen in mice. Endocrinology. 2004 Feb; 145(2):913-21. Epub 2003 Oct 16.
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  54. Monroe DG, Getz BJ, Johnsen SA, Riggs BL, Khosla S, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen receptor isoform-specific regulation of endogenous gene expression in human osteoblastic cell lines expressing either ERalpha or ERbeta. J Cell Biochem. 2003 Oct 1; 90(2):315-26.
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  55. Rickard DJ, Monroe DG, Ruesink TJ, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Phytoestrogen genistein acts as an estrogen agonist on human osteoblastic cells through estrogen receptors alpha and beta. J Cell Biochem. 2003 Jun 1; 89(3):633-46.
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  56. Eghbali-Fatourechi G, Khosla S, Sanyal A, Boyle WJ, Lacey DL, Riggs BL. Role of RANK ligand in mediating increased bone resorption in early postmenopausal women. J Clin Invest. 2003 Apr; 111(8):1221-30.
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  57. Vincent A, Riggs BL, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, Khosla S. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on parathyroid hormone secretion in elderly postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2003 Mar-Apr; 10(2):165-71.
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  58. Monroe DG, Johnsen SA, Subramaniam M, Getz BJ, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Mutual antagonism of estrogen receptors alpha and beta and their preferred interactions with steroid receptor coactivators in human osteoblastic cell lines. J Endocrinol. 2003 Mar; 176(3):349-57.
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  59. Rickard DJ, Waters KM, Ruesink TJ, Khosla S, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen receptor isoform-specific induction of progesterone receptors in human osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Apr; 17(4):580-92.
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  60. Clarke BL, Ebeling PR, Jones JD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick LA. Predictors of bone mineral density in aging healthy men varies by skeletal site. Calcif Tissue Int. 2002 Mar; 70(3):137-45.
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  61. Heshmati HM, Khosla S, Robins SP, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ, Riggs BL. Role of low levels of endogenous estrogen in regulation of bone resorption in late postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Jan; 17(1):172-8.
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  62. Melton LJ, Marquez MA, Achenbach SJ, Tefferi A, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Variations in bone density among persons of African heritage. Osteoporos Int. 2002; 13(7):551-9.
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  63. Locklin RM, Riggs BL, Hicok KC, Horton HF, Byrne MC, Khosla S. Assessment of gene regulation by bone morphogenetic protein 2 in human marrow stromal cells using gene array technology. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Dec; 16(12):2192-204.
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  64. Doran PM, Riggs BL, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S. Effects of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on bone turnover markers and serum sex steroid and lipid levels in elderly men. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Nov; 16(11):2118-25.
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  65. Khosla S, Melton LJ, Riggs BL. Estrogens and bone health in men. Calcif Tissue Int. 2001 Oct; 69(4):189-92.
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  66. Waters KM, Rickard DJ, Riggs BL, Khosla S, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Moore J, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen regulation of human osteoblast function is determined by the stage of differentiation and the estrogen receptor isoform. J Cell Biochem. 2001 Aug 21-Sep 5; 83(3):448-62.
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  67. Yan T, Riggs BL, Boyle WJ, Khosla S. Regulation of osteoclastogenesis and RANK expression by TGF-beta1. J Cell Biochem. 2001 Aug 1-9; 83(2):320-5.
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  68. Burguera B, Hofbauer LC, Thomas T, Gori F, Evans GL, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Turner RT. Leptin reduces ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. Endocrinology. 2001 Aug; 142(8):3546-53.
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  69. Thomas T, Burguera B, Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Role of serum leptin, insulin, and estrogen levels as potential mediators of the relationship between fat mass and bone mineral density in men versus women. Bone. 2001 Aug; 29(2):114-20.
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  70. Hofbauer LC, Shui C, Riggs BL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, O'Brien T, Khosla S. Effects of immunosuppressants on receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin production by human osteoblastic and coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jan 12; 280(1):334-9.
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  71. Bell NH, Williamson BT, Hollis BW, Riggs BL. Effects of race on diurnal patterns of renal conservation of calcium and bone resorption in premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2001; 12(1):43-8.
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  72. Marquez MA, Melton LJ 3rd, Muhs JM, Crowson CS, Tosomeen A, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Bone density in an immigrant population from Southeast Asia. Osteoporos Int. 2001; 12(7):595-604.
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  73. Falahati-Nini A, Riggs BL, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Eastell R, Khosla S. Relative contributions of testosterone and estrogen in regulating bone resorption and formation in normal elderly men. J Clin Invest. 2000 Dec; 106(12):1553-60.
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  74. Riggs L, Baron R, Boyle WJ, Drezner M, Manolagas S, Martin TJ, Stewart AF, Suda T, Yasuda H, Aubin J, Goltzman DDD. Proposed standard nomenclature for new tumor necrosis factor members involved in the regulation of bone resorption. Bone. 2000 Dec; 27(6):761-764.
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  75. Gori F, Hofbauer LC, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S, Riggs BL. The expression of osteoprotegerin and RANK ligand and the support of osteoclast formation by stromal-osteoblast lineage cells is developmentally regulated. Endocrinology. 2000 Dec; 141(12):4768-76.
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  76. Riggs BL, Baron R, Boyle WJ, Drezner M, Manolagas S, Martin TJ, Stewart AF, Suda T, Yasuda H, Aubin J, Goltzman D. Proposed standard nomenclature for new tumor necrosis factor family members involved in the regulation of bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Dec; 15(12):2293-2296.
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  77. Pattanaungkul S, Riggs BL, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, O'Fallon WM, Khosla S. Relationship of intestinal calcium absorption to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] levels in young versus elderly women: evidence for age-related intestinal resistance to 1,25(OH)(2)D action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Nov; 85(11):4023-4027.
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  78. Thomas T, Burguera B, Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Relationship of serum leptin levels with body composition and sex steroid and insulin levels in men and women. Metabolism. 2000 Oct; 49(10):1278-84.
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  79. Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Crowson CS, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of sarcopenia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Jun; 48(6):625-30.
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  80. Hefferan TE, Subramaniam M, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Cytokine-specific induction of the TCF-beta inducible early gene (TIEG): regulation by specific members of the TGF-beta family. J Cell Biochem. 2000 Jun; 78(3):380-390.
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  81. Melton LJ III, Khosla S, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of sarcopenia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Jan; 75(Suppl):S10-3.
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  82. Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ III. Primary osteoporosis in men: role of sex steroid deficiency... Workshop "Is There a Case for Testosterone Replacement in Elderly Men?" held in Palm Springs, Calif, March 17-19, 1999. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Jan; 75(Suppl):S46-50.
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  83. Hofbauer LC, Khosla S, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Boyle WJ, Riggs BL. The roles of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand in the paracrine regulation of bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Jan; 15(1):2-12.
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  84. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Determinants of bone loss from the femoral neck in women of different ages. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Jan; 15(1):24-31.
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  85. Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, Oconnor MK, Ofallon WM, Riggs BL. Cross-sectional versus longitudinal evaluation of bone loss in men and women. Osteoporos Int. 2000; 11(7):592-9.
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  86. Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Achenbach SJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Effects of body size and skeletal site on the estimated prevalence of osteoporosis in women and men. Osteoporos Int. 2000; 11(11):977-83.
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  87. Proctor DN, Melton LJ, Khosla S, Crowson CS, O'Connor MK, Riggs BL. Relative influence of physical activity, muscle mass and strength on bone density. Osteoporos Int. 2000; 11(11):944-52.
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  88. Thomas T, Gori F, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Response of bipotential human marrow stromal cells to insulin-like growth factors: effect on binding protein production, proliferation, and commitment to osteoblasts and adipocytes. Endocrinology. 1999 Nov; 140(11):5036-44.
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  89. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Wermers RA, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Primary hyperparathyroidism and the risk of fracture: a population-based study. J Bone Miner Res. 1999 Oct; 14(10):1700-7.
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  90. Hofbauer LC, Gori F, Riggs BL, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S. Stimulation of osteoprotegerin ligand and inhibition of osteoprotegerin production by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineage cells: potential paracrine mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Endocrinology. 1999 Oct; 140(10):4382-9.
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  91. Miller PD, Baran DT, Bilezikian JP, Greenspan SL, Lindsay R, Riggs BL, Watts NB. Practical clinical application of biochemical markers of bone turnover: Consensus of an expert panel. J Clin Densitom. 1999 Fall; 2(3):323-42.
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  92. Gori F, Thomas T, Hicok KC, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Differentiation of human marrow stromal precursor cells: bone morphogenetic protein-2 increases OSF2/CBFA1, enhances osteoblast commitment, and inhibits late adipocyte maturation. J Bone Miner Res. 1999 Sep; 14(9):1522-35.
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  93. Hofbauer LC, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not interleukin-6, stimulate osteoprotegerin ligand gene expression in human osteoblastic cells. Bone. 1999 Sep; 25(3):255-9.
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  94. Hofbauer LC, Khosla S, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Estrogen stimulates gene expression and protein production of osteoprotegerin in human osteoblastic cells. Endocrinology. 1999 Sep; 140(9):4367-70.
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  95. Spelsberg TC, Subramaniam M, Riggs BL, Khosla S. The actions and interactions of sex steroids and growth factors cytokines on the skeleton. Mol Endocrinol. 1999 Jun; 13(6):819-28.
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  96. Thomas T, Gori F, Khosla S, Jensen MD, Burguera B, Riggs BL. Leptin acts on human marrow stromal cells to enhance differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation to adipocytes. Endocrinology. 1999 Apr; 140(4):1630-8.
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  97. Colford JW, Lueddecke BA, Salvati M, Hanna D, Sailer D, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Langman CB. Immunoradiometric assay for intact human osteocalcin(1-49) without cross-reactivity to breakdown products. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr; 45(4):526-31.
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  98. Pederson L, Kremer M, Judd J, Pascoe D, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Oursler MJ. Androgens regulate bone resorption activity of isolated osteoclasts in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jan 19; 96(2):505-10.
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  99. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, Khosla S, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Secondary osteoporosis and the risk of vertebral deformities in women. Bone. 1999 Jan; 24(1):49-55.
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  100. Nickelsen T, Lufkin EG, Riggs BL, Cox DA, Crook TH. Raloxifene hydrochloride, a selective estrogen receptor modulator: safety assessment of effects on cognitive function and mood in postmenopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1999 Jan; 24(1):115-28.
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  101. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, Cooper C, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Vertebral fractures predict subsequent fractures. Osteoporos Int. 1999; 10(3):214-21.
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  102. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Osteoporosis: gender differences and similarities. Lupus. 1999; 8(5):393-6.
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  103. Hofbauer LC, Gori F, Riggs BL, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Spelserg TC, Khosla S. Stimulation of osteoprotegerin lingnd and inhibition of osteoprotegerin production by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineage cells: Potential mechanisms of glucocoticoid-induced osteoporosis. Endocrinology. 1999; 14:4382-9.
  104. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Bone density and fracture risk in men. J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Dec; 13(12):1915-23.
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  105. Emslander HC, Sinaki M, Muhs JM, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Bryant SC, Riggs BL, Eastell R. Bone mass and muscle strength in female college athletes (runners and swimmers). Mayo Clin Proc. 1998 Dec; 73(12):1151-60.
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  106. Lufkin EG, Whitaker MD, Nickelsen T, Argueta R, Caplan RH, Knickerbocker RK, Riggs BL. Treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis with raloxifene - a randomized. J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Nov; 13(11):1747-1754.
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  107. Hofbauer LC, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Osteoprotegerin production by human osteoblast lineage cells is stimulated by vitamin D, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Sep 29; 250(3):776-81.
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  108. Ory SJ, Field CS, Herrmann RR, Zinsmeister AR, Riggs BL. Effects of long-term transdermal administration of estradiol on serum lipids. Mayo Clin Proc. 1998 Aug; 73(8):735-8.
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  109. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Klee GG, Riggs BL. Relationship of serum sex steroid levels and bone turnover markers with bone mineral density in men and women: a key role for bioavailable estrogen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jul; 83(7):2266-74.
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  110. Heshmati HM, Khosla S, Burritt MF, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. A defect in renal calcium conservation may contribute to the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jun; 83(6):1916-20.
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  111. Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ. A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men. J Bone Miner Res. 1998 May; 13(5):763-73.
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  112. Roche ME, Anderson MA, Oda RP, Riggs BL, Strausbauch MA, Okazaki R, Wettstein PJ, Landers JP. Capillary electrophoresis of insulin-like growth factors: enhanced ultraviolet detection using dynamically coated capillaries and on-line solid- phase extraction. Anal Biochem. 1998 Apr 10; 258(1):87-95.
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  113. Tau KR, Hefferan TE, Waters KM, Robinson JA, Subramaniam M, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen regulation of a transforming growth factor-beta inducible early gene that inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in human osteoblasts. Endocrinology. 1998 Mar; 139(3):1346-53.
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  114. Heshmati HM, Riggs BL, Burritt MF, McAlister CA, Wollan PC, Khosla S. Effects of the circadian variation in serum cortisol on markers of bone turnover and calcium homeostasis in normal postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Mar; 83(3):751-6.
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  115. Subramaniam M, Hefferan TE, Tau K, Peus D, Pittelkow M, Jalal S, Riggs BL, Roche P, Spelsberg TC. Tissue, cell type, and breast cancer stage-specific expression of a TGF-beta inducible early transcription factor gene. J Cell Biochem. 1998 Feb 1; 68(2):226-36.
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  116. Riggs BL, O'Fallon WM, Muhs J, O'Connor MK, Kumar R, Melton LJ 3rd. Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone loss in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Feb; 13(2):168-74.
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  117. Hicok KC, Thomas T, Gori F, Rickard DJ, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Development and characterization of conditionally immortalized osteoblast precursor cell lines from human bone marrow stroma. J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Feb; 13(2):205-17.
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  118. Rickard DJ, Hofbauer LC, Bonde SK, Gori F, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Bone morphogenetic protein-6 production in human osteoblastic cell lines. Selective regulation by estrogen. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jan 15; 101(2):413-22.
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  119. Kassem M, Okazaki R, Harris SA, Spelsberg TC, Conover CA, Riggs BL. Estrogen effects on insulin-like growth factor gene expression in a human osteoblastic cell line with high levels of estrogen receptor. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998 Jan; 62(1):60-6.
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  120. Melton LJ, Egan KS, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Influence of fracture criteria on the outcome of a randomized trial of therapy. Osteoporos Int. 1998; 8(2):184-91.
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  121. Hesley RP, Shepard KA, Jenkins DK, Riggs BL. Monitoring estrogen replacement therapy and identifying rapid bone losers with an immunoassay for deoxypyridinoline. Osteoporos Int. 1998; 8(2):159-64.
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  122. Robinson JA, Harris SA, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen regulation of human osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation. Endocrinology. 1997 Jul; 138(7):2919-27.
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  123. Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Relationship of bone turnover to bone density and fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 1997 Jul; 12(7):1083-91.
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  124. McKane WR, Khosla S, Ristela J, Robins SP, Muhs JM, Riggs BL. Role of estrogen deficiency in pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption in elderly women. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1997 Jul; 52(7):429-431.
  125. Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Effects of age and estrogen status on serum parathyroid hormone levels and biochemical markers of bone turnover in women: a population- based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May; 82(5):1522-7.
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  126. McKane WR, Khosla S, Risteli J, Robins SP, Muhs JM, Riggs BL. Role of estrogen deficiency in pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption in elderly women. Proc Assoc Am Physicians. 1997 Mar; 109(2):174-80.
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  127. Conover CA, Lee PD, Riggs BL, Powell DR. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 expression in cultured human bone cells: regulation by insulin and glucocorticoid. Endocrinology. 1996 Aug; 137(8):3295-301.
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  128. Khosla S, Atkinson EJ, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. Relationship between body composition and bone mass in women. J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Jun; 11(6):857-63.
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  129. Clarke BL, Ebeling PR, Jones JD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick LA. Changes in quantitative bone histomorphometry in aging healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Jun; 81(6):2264-70.
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  130. McKane WR, Khosla S, Egan KS, Robins SP, Burritt MF, Riggs BL. Role of calcium intake in modulating age-related increases in parathyroid function and bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 May; 81(5):1699-703.
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  131. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Hensrud DD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Melton LJ. Dietary protein intake and bone mass in women. Calcif Tissue Int. 1996 May; 58(5):320-5.
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  132. Rickard DJ, Kassem M, Hefferan TE, Sarkar G, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Isolation and characterization of osteoblast precursor cells from human bone marrow. J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Mar; 11(3):312-24.
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  133. Kassem M, Okazaki R, Deleon D, Harris SA, Robinson JA, Spelsberg TC, Conover CA, Riggs BL. Potential mechanism of estrogen-mediated decrease in bone formation: estrogen increases production of inhibitory insulin-like growth factor- binding protein-lC. Proc Assoc Am Physicians. 1996 Mar; 108(2):155-64.
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  134. Riggs BL, Melton LJ, Ofallon WM. Drug therapy for vertebral fractures in osteoporosis: evidence that decreases in bone turnover and increases in bone mass both determine antifracture efficacy. Bone. 1996 Mar; 18(3 Suppl S):S 197-S 201.
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  135. Kassem M, Khosla S, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Cytokine production in the bone marrow microenvironment: failure to demonstrate estrogen regulation in early postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Feb; 81(2):513-8.
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  136. Kassem M, Harris SA, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Estrogen inhibits interleukin-6 production and gene expression in a human osteoblastic cell line with high levels of estrogen receptors. J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Feb; 11(2):193-9.
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  137. Robinson JA, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC, Oursler MJ. Osteoclasts and transforming growth factor-beta: estrogen-mediated isoform-specific regulation of production. Endocrinology. 1996 Feb; 137(2):615-21.
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  138. Cooper C, Kotowicz M, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Risk of limb fractures among men and women with vertebral fractures. Int Congr Ser. 1996; 1118:101-104.
  139. Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Mechanisms of estrogen action on bone cells. Osteoporosis. 1996; 1118: 241-50.
  140. McKane WR, Khosla S, Egan KS, Robins S, Burritt MF, Riggs BL. A high calcium intake reverses the secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption of elderly women J Clinical Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81:1699-703.
  141. Subramaniam M, Harris SA, Oursler MJ, Rasmussen K, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Identification of a novel TGF-beta-regulated gene encoding a putative zinc finger protein in human osteoblasts. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Dec 11; 23(23):4907-12.
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  142. McKane WR, Khosla S, Burritt MF, Kao PC, Wilson DM, Ory SJ, Riggs BL. Mechanism of renal calcium conservation with estrogen replacement therapy in women in early postmenopause--a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Dec; 80(12):3458-64.
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  143. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. The worldwide problem of osteoporosis: insights afforded by epidemiology. Bone. 1995 Nov; 17(5 Suppl):505S-511S.
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  144. Ledger GA, Burritt MF, Kao PC, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Role of parathyroid hormone in mediating nocturnal and age-related increases in bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Nov; 80(11):3304-10.
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  145. Harris SA, Tau KR, Enger RJ, Toft DO, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen response in the hFOB 1.19 human fetal osteoblastic cell line stably transfected with the human estrogen receptor gene. J Cell Biochem. 1995 Oct; 59(2):193-201.
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  146. Khosla S, Riggs BL. Treatment options for osteoporosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995 Oct; 70(10):978-82.
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  147. Riggs BL, Khosla S. Role of biochemical markers in assessment of osteoporosis. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1995 Oct; 266:14-8.
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  148. Clarke BL, Muhs JM, O'Connell MJ, McCarthy JT, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Assessment of bone resorption in metabolic bone disorders using a new enzyme immunoassay for urinary free pyridinoline: comparison with standard methods of assessment of bone formation. Endocr Pract. 1995 Jul-Aug; 1(4):248-56.
  149. Riggs BL, Nguyen TV, Melton LJ 3rd, Morrison NA, O'Fallon WM, Kelly PJ, Egan KS, Sambrook PN, Muhs JM, Eisman JA. The contribution of vitamin D receptor gene alleles to the determination of bone mineral density in normal and osteoporotic women. J Bone Miner Res. 1995 Jun; 10(6):991-6.
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  150. Janes CH, Dickson ER, Okazaki R, Bonde S, McDonagh AF, Riggs BL. Role of hyperbilirubinemia in the impairment of osteoblast proliferation associated with cholestatic jaundice. J Clin Invest. 1995 Jun; 95(6):2581-6.
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  151. Schutze N, Oursler MJ, Nolan J, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Zeolite A inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vitro. J Cell Biochem. 1995 May; 58(1):39-46.
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  152. Okazaki R, Conover CA, Harris SA, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Normal human osteoblast-like cells consistently express genes for insulin-like growth factors I and II but transformed human osteoblast cell lines do not. Journal of Bone & Mineral Research. 1995 May; 10(5):788-95.
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  153. Durham SK, Riggs BL, Harris SA, Conover CA. Alterations in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-dependent IGF-binding protein-4 proteolysis in transformed osteoblastic cells. Endocrinology. 1995 Apr; 136(4):1374-80.
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  154. Lundy MW, Stauffer M, Wergedal JE, Baylink DJ, Featherstone JD, Hodgson SF, Riggs BL. Histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies in placebo-treated versus fluoride-treated subjects. Osteoporos Int. 1995 Mar; 5(2):115-29.
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  155. Okazaki R, Durham SK, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Transforming growth factor-beta and forskolin increase all classes of insulin-like growth factor-I transcripts in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications. 1995 Feb 27; 207(3):963-70.
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  156. Harris SA, Enger RJ, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Development and characterization of a conditionally immortalized human fetal osteoblastic cell line. J Bone Miner Res. 1995 Feb; 10(2):178-86.
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  157. Bodine PV, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Regulation of c-fos expression and TGF-beta production by gonadal and adrenal androgens in normal human osteoblastic cells. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. 1995 Feb; 52(2):149-58.
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  158. Durham SK, De Leon DD, Okazaki R, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-4 availability in normal human osteoblast-like cells: role of endogenous IGFs. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1995 Jan; 80(1):104-10.
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  159. Subramaniam M, Oursler MJ, Rasmussen K, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. TGF-beta regulation of nuclear proto-oncogenes and TGF-beta gene expression in normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Cell Biochem. 1995 Jan; 57(1):52-61.
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  160. Spelsberg TC, Harris SA, Riggs BL. Immortalized osteoblast cell systems (new human fetal osteoblast systems). Calcif Tissue Int. 1995; 56(Suppl 1):S18-21.
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  161. Tomlinson AJ, Benson LM, Oda RP, Braddock WD, Riggs BL, Katzmann JA, Naylor S. Novel modifications, clinical applications of preconcentration-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Cap Elect. 1995; 2:97-104.
  162. Durham SK, Riggs BL, Conover CA. The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4)-IGFBP-4 protease system in normal human osteoblast-like cells: regulation by transforming growth factor-beta. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1994 Dec; 79(6):1752-8.
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  163. Lufkin EG, Argueta R, Whitaker MD, Cameron AL, Wong VH, Egan KS, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Pamidronate: an unrecognized problem in gastrointestinal tolerability. Osteoporos Int. 1994 Nov; 4(6):320-2.
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  164. Ebeling PR, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Burritt MF, O'Fallon WM, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Influence of age on effects of endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on calcium absorption in normal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 1994 Nov; 55(5):330-4.
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  165. Valimaki MJ, Tahtela R, Jones JD, Peterson JM, Riggs BL Jr. Bone resorption in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women--comparison markers for serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and urinary pyridinium cross-links. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1994 Sep; 131:258-262.
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  166. Khosla S, Peterson JM, Egan K, Jones JD, Riggs BL. Circulating cytokine levels in osteoporotic and normal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Sep; 79(3):707-11.
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  167. Beard CM, Lane AW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Melton LJ. Comparison of respondents and nonrespondents in an osteoporosis study. Ann Epidemiol. 1994 Sep; 4(5):398-403.
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  168. McKane WR, Khosla S, Peterson JM, Egan K, Riggs BL. Circulating levels of cytokines that modulate bone resorption: effects of age and menopause in women. J Bone Miner Res. 1994 Aug; 9(8):1313-8.
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  169. Ledger GA, Burritt MF, Kao PC, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Abnormalities of parathyroid hormone secretion in elderly women that are reversible by short term therapy with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Jul; 79(1):211-6.
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  170. Oursler MJ, Pederson L, Fitzpatrick L, Riggs BL, Spelsberg T. Human giant cell tumors of the bone (osteoclastomas) are estrogen target cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jun 7; 91(12):5227-31.
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  171. Turner RT, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Skeletal effects of estrogen. Endocr Rev. 1994 Jun; 15(3):275-300.
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  172. Roapena L, Zreik T, Harada N, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL Jr, Naftolin F. Human osteoblast-like cells express aromatase immunoreactivity. Menopause. 1994 Summer; 1:73-77.
  173. Spotila LD, Colige A, Sereda L, Constantinou-Deltas CD, Whyte MP, Riggs BL, Shaker JL, Spector TD, Hume E, Olsen N. Mutation analysis of coding sequences for type I procollagen in individuals with low bone density. J Bone Miner Res. 1994 Jun; 9(6):923-32.
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  174. Kotowicz MA, Melton LJ, Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Risk of hip fracture in women with vertebral fracture. J Bone Miner Res. 1994 May; 9(5):599-605.
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  175. Riggs BL, O'Fallon WM, Lane A, Hodgson SF, Wahner HW, Muhs J, Chao E, Melton LJ 3rd. Clinical trial of fluoride therapy in postmenopausal osteoporotic women: extended observations and additional analysis. J Bone Miner Res. 1994 Feb; 9(2):265-75.
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  176. Durham SK, Kiefer MC, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 by a specific insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 proteinase in normal human osteoblast-like cells: implications in bone cell physiology. J Bone Miner Res. 1994 Jan; 9(1):111-7.
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  177. Ingram RT, Bonde SK, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick LA. Effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the function, cytochemistry and morphology of normal human osteoblast-like cells. Differentiation. 1994 Jan; 55(2):153-63.
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  178. Okazaki R, Riggs BL Jr, Conover CA. Glucocortoid regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein expression in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Endocrinology. 1994 Jan; 134:126-132.
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  179. McKane WR, Khosla S, Peterson JM, Egan K, Riggs BL. Assessment of circulating levels of cytokines modulating bone resorption: effects of age and menopause in women J Bone Mineral Res. 1994; 9:1313-8.
  180. Riggs BL Jr. Formation-stimulating regimens other than sodium fluoride. Am J Med. 1993 Nov 30; 95:5A-62S - 5A-68S.
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  181. Hodgson SF, Dickson ER, Eastell R, Eriksen EF, Bryant SC, Riggs BL. Rates of cancellous bone remodeling and turnover in osteopenia associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bone. 1993 Nov-Dec; 14(6):819-27.
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  182. Oursler MJ, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Glucocorticoid-induced activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta by normal human osteoblast-like cells. Endocrinology. 1993 Nov; 133(5):2187-96.
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  183. Ebeling PR, Jones JD, O'Fallon WM, Janes CH, Riggs BL. Short-term effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I on bone turnover in normal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Nov; 77(5):1384-7.
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  184. Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Wahner HW, Riggs BL. Long-term fracture prediction by bone mineral assessed at different skeletal sites. J Bone Miner Res. 1993 Oct; 8(10):1227-33.
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  185. Eastell R, Robins SP, Colwell T, Assiri AM, Riggs BL, Russell RG. Evaluation of bone turnover in type I osteoporosis using biochemical markers specific for both bone formation and bone resorption. Osteoporos Int. 1993 Sep; 3(5):255-60.
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  186. Oursler MJ, Landers JP, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Oestrogen effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Ann Med. 1993 Aug; 25(4):361-71.
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  187. Kao PC, Riggs BL, Schryver PG. Development and evaluation of an osteocalcin chemiluminoimmunoassay. Clin Chem. 1993 Jul; 39(7):1369-74.
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  188. Melton LJ 3rd, Lane AW, Cooper C, Eastell R, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Prevalence and incidence of vertebral deformities. Osteoporos Int. 1993 May; 3(3):113-9.
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  189. Melton LJ 3rd, Bryant SC, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Malkasian GD, Judd HL, Riggs BL. Influence of breastfeeding and other reproductive factors on bone mass later in life. Osteoporos Int. 1993 Mar; 3(2):76-83.
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  190. Lufkin EG, Riggs BL Jr. Author's reply. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Jan 15; 118:156.
  191. Field CS, Ory SJ, Wahner HW, Herrmann RR, Judd HL, Riggs BL. Preventive effects of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol on osteoporotic changes after surgical menopause: a two-year placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1993 Jan; 168(1 Pt 1):114-21.
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  192. Oursler MJ, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick L, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen action on bone cells: the osteoclasts. Fourth International Symposium on Osteoporosis. 1993; 386-91.
  193. Subramaniam M, Colvard D, Keeting PE, Rasmussen K, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Glucocorticoid regulation of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and proto-oncogenes in normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Cell Biochem. 1992 Dec; 50(4):411-24.
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  194. Ebeling PR, Peterson JM, Riggs BL. Utility of type I procollagen propeptide assays for assessing abnormalities in metabolic bone diseases. J Bone Miner Res. 1992 Nov; 7(11):1243-50.
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  195. Keeting PE, Oursler MJ, Wiegand KE, Bonde SK, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Zeolite A increases proliferation, differentiation, and transforming growth factor beta production in normal adult human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. J Bone Miner Res. 1992 Nov; 7(11):1281-9.
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  196. Frye MA, Melton LJ 3rd, Bryant SC, Fitzpatrick LA, Wahner HW, Schwartz RS, Riggs BL. Osteoporosis and calcification of the aorta. Bone Miner. 1992 Nov; 19(2):185-94.
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  197. Ebeling PR, Jones JD, Burritt MF, Duerson CR, Lane AW, Hassager C, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Skeletal responsiveness to endogenous parathyroid hormone in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Oct; 75(4):1033-8.
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  198. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 1992 Aug 27; 327(9):620-7.
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  199. Lufkin EG, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Hodgson SF, Kotowicz MA, Lane AW, Judd HL, Caplan RH, Riggs BL. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Jul 1; 117(1):1-9.
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  200. Hassager C, Fitzpatrick LA, Spencer EM, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Basal and regulated secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in osteoblast-like cells is cell line specific. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1992 Jul; 75(1):228-33.
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  201. Ebeling PR, Sandgren ME, DiMagno EP, Lane AW, DeLuca HF, Riggs BL. Evidence of an age-related decrease in intestinal responsiveness to vitamin D: relationship between serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and intestinal vitamin D receptor concentrations in normal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Jul; 75(1):176-82.
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  202. Eastell R, Vieira NE, Yergey AL, Wahner HW, Silverstein MN, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Pernicious anaemia as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992 Jun; 82(6):681-5.
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  203. Riggs BL Jr. State of the art management of osteoporosis. The Practice of Internal Medicine-1992 1992 May 11-15; 87-9.
  204. Chaudhary LR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Production of various cytokines by normal human osteoblast-like cells in response to interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha: lack of regulation by 17 beta-estradiol. Endocrinology. 1992 May; 130(5):2528-34.
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  205. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Judd HL, Melton LJ 3rd. Is caffeine consumption a risk factor for osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res. 1992 Apr; 7(4):465-71.
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  206. Eastell R, Calvo MS, Burritt MF, Offord KP, Russell RG, Riggs BL. Abnormalities in circadian patterns of bone resorption and renal calcium conservation in type I osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Mar; 74(3):487-94.
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  207. Keeting PE, Scott RE, Colvard DS, Anderson MA, Oursler MJ, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL Jr. Development and characterization of a rapidly proliferating, well-differentiated cell line derived from adult human osteoblast-like cells transfected with SV40 large T antigen. J Bone Miner Res. 1992 Feb; 7:127-36.
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  208. Eastell R, Simmons PS, Colwell T, Assiri AMA, Burritt MF, Russell RGG, Riggs BL Jr. Nyctohemeral changes in bone turnover assessed by serum bone Gla-protein concentration and urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion: effect of growth aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992; 8:375-382.
  209. Osdoby P, Oursler MJ, Pyfferoen J, Riggs BL Jr, Spelsberg TC. The regulation of osteoclast activity. Int Congr Ser. 1992; 1002:339-46.
  210. Melton LJ, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, Lane AW, Riggs BL Jr. How many women have osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res. 1992; 7:1005-1010.
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  211. Kang AH, Krane SM, LeRoy EC, Riggs BL, Goldberg VM. Scientific workshop on the biology and pathology of acquired connective tissue diseases Arthritis Rheum. 1992; 35:1289-95.
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  212. Oursler MJ, Cortese C, Keeting P, Anderson MA, Bonde SK, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Modulation of transforming growth factor-beta production in normal human osteoblast-like cells by 17 beta-estradiol and parathyroid hormone. Endocrinology. 1991 Dec; 129(6):3313-20.
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  213. Oursler MJ, Osdoby P, Pyfferoen J, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Avian osteoclasts as estrogen target cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 1; 88(15):6613-7.
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  214. Eastell R, Dickson ER, Hodgson SF, Wiesner RH, Porayko MK, Wahner HW, Cedel SL, Riggs BL, Krom RA. Rates of vertebral bone loss before and after liver transplantation in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1991 Aug; 14(2):296-300.
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  215. Keeting PE, Rifas L, Harris SA, Colvard DS, Spelsberg TC, Peck WA, Riggs BL Jr. Evidence for interleukin-1B production by cultured normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Res. 1991 Aug; 6:827-833.
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  216. Ebeling PR, Butler PC, Eastell R, Rizza RA, Riggs BL. The nocturnal increase in growth hormone is not the cause of the nocturnal increase in serum osteocalcin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Aug; 73(2):368-72.
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  217. Gonchoroff DG, Branum EL, Cedel SL, Riggs BL, O'Brien JF. Clinical evaluation of high-performance affinity chromatography for the separation of bone and liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Clin Chim Acta. 1991 May 31; 199(1):43-50.
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  218. Hassager C, Bonde SK, Anderson MA, Rink H, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Procalcitonin NH2-terminal cleavage peptide has no mitogenic effect on normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Res. 1991 May; 6(5):489-93.
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  219. Eastell R, Cedel SL, Wahner HW, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. Classification of vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 1991 Mar; 6(3):207-15.
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  220. Keeting PE, Scott RE, Colvard DS, Han IK, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Lack of a direct effect of estrogen on proliferation and differentiation of normal human osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Res. 1991 Mar; 6(3):297-304.
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  221. Eastell R, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Cedel SL, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Interrelationship among vitamin D metabolism, true calcium absorption, parathyroid function, and age in women: evidence of an age-related intestinal resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D action. J Bone Miner Res. 1991 Feb; 6(2):125-32.
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  222. Riggs BL. Overview of osteoporosis. West J Med. 1991 Jan; 154(1):63-77.
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  223. Spotila LD, Constantinou CD, Sereda L, Ganguly A, Riggs BL, Prockop DJ. Mutation in a gene for type I procollagen (COL1A2) in a woman with postmenopausal osteoporosis: Eveidence for phenotypic and genotypic overlap with mild osteogenesis imperfecta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991; 88:5423-7.
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  224. Riggs BL. Treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride or parathyroid hormone Am J Med. 1991; 91(5B):37S-41S.
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  225. Eastell R, Mosekilde L, Hodgson SF, Riggs BL. Proportion of human vertebral body bone that is cancellous. J Bone Miner Res. 1990 Dec; 5(12):1237-41.
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  226. Kotowicz MA, Hall S, Hunder GG, Cedel SL, Mann KG, Riggs BL. Relationship of glucocorticoid dosage to serum bone Gla-protein concentration in patients with rheumatologic disorders. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Oct; 33(10):1487-92.
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  227. Kotowicz MA, Klee GG, Kao PC, O'Fallon WM, Hodgson SF, Cedel SL, Eriksen EF, Gonchoroff DG, Judd HL, Riggs BL. Relationship between serum intact parathyroid hormone concentrations and bone remodeling in type I osteoporosis: evidence that skeletal sensitivity is increased. Osteoporos Int. 1990 Oct; 1(1):14-22.
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  228. Beard CM, Melton LJ 3rd, Cedel SL, Richelson LS, Riggs BL. Ascertainment of risk factors for osteoporosis: comparison of interview data with medical record review. J Bone Miner Res. 1990 Jul; 5(7):691-9.
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  229. Nelson D, Peterson E, Tilley B, O'Fallon WM, Chao E, Riggs BL, Kleerekoper M. Measurement of vertebral area on spine x-rays in osteoporosis: reliability of digitizing techniques. J Bone Miner Res. 1990 Jul; 5(7):707-16.
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  230. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. Clinical review 8: Clinical heterogeneity of involutional osteoporosis: implications for preventive therapy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1990 May; 70(5):1229-32.
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  231. Tracy RP, Andrianorivo A, Riggs BL, Mann KG. Comparison of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody-based immunoassays for osteocalcin: a study of sources of variation in assay results. J Bone Miner Res. 1990 May; 5(5):451-61.
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  232. Riggs BL. Clinical update on calcitriol: introduction. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental. 1990 Apr; 39(4 Suppl 1):1-2.
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  233. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL Jr. Action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium balance and a bone turnover and its effect on vertebral fracture rate. Metabolism. 1990 Apr; 39(Suppl 1):30-34.
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  234. Kotowicz MA, Melton LJ 3rd, Cedel SL, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Effect of age on variables relating to calcium and phosphorus metabolism in women. J Bone Miner Res. 1990 Apr; 5(4):345-52.
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  235. Riggs BL, Hodgson SF, O'Fallon WM, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Muhs JM, Cedel SL, Melton LJ 3rd. Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 1990 Mar 22; 322(12):802-9.
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  236. Tsai KS, Ebeling PR, Riggs BL Jr. Bone responsiveness to parathyroid hormone in normal and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989 Nov; 69:1024-1027.
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  237. Eastell R, Vieira NE, Yergey AL, Riggs BL. One-day test using stable isotopes to measure true fractional calcium absorption. J Bone Miner Res. 1989 Aug; 4(4):463-8.
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  238. Eastell R, Riggs BL, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Amadio PC, Melton LJ 3rd. Colles' fracture and bone density of the ultradistal radius. J Bone Miner Res. 1989 Aug; 4(4):607-13.
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  239. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, Recker RR, Goldgar D. The effect of calcitriol on patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with special reference to fracture frequency. Experimental Biology & Medicine. 1989 Jul; 191(3):287-92.
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  240. Melton LJ 3rd, Kan SH, Frye MA, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of vertebral fractures in women. Am J Epidemiol. 1989 May; 129(5):1000-11.
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  241. Eastell R, Dewanjee MK, Riggs BL. Comparison of polyethylene glycol and chromium-51 chloride as nonabsorbable stool markers in calcium balance studies. Bone Miner. 1989 Apr; 6(1):95-105.
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  242. Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Mechanisms of estrogen action on bone. Postgrad Med. 1989 Apr; (Spec. No.):13-4, dicussion 33-43.
  243. Colvard DS, Eriksen EF, Keeting PE, Wilson EM, Lubahn DB, French FS, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb; 86(3):854-7.
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  244. Eastell R, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Amadio PC, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Unequal decrease in bone density of lumbar spine and ultradistal radius in Colles' and vertebral fracture syndromes. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jan; 83(1):168-74.
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  245. Colvard D, Spelsberg T, Eriksen E, Keeting P, Riggs BL. Evidence of steroid receptors in human osteoblast-like cells. Connect Tissue Res. 1989; 20(1-4):33-40.
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