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Publications - Christopher P . Appleton, M.D.

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  1. Vianna-Pinton R, Moreno CA, Baxter CM, Lee KS, Tsang TS, Appleton CP. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography of the left atrium: feasibility and regional contraction and relaxation differences in normal subjects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009 Mar; 22(3):299-305.
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  2. Nagueh SF, Appleton CP, Gillebert TC, Marino PN, Oh JK, Smiseth OA, Waggoner AD, Flachskampf FA, Pellikka PA, Evangelista A. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009 Feb; 22(2):107-33.
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  3. Al-Omari MA, Finstuen J, Appleton CP, Barnes ME, Tsang TS. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function and filling pressure in atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2008 Jun 15; 101(12):1759-65.
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  4. Umphrey LG, Hurst RT, Eleid MF, Lee KS, Reuss CS, Hentz JG, Vargas HE, Appleton CP. Preoperative dobutamine stress echocardiographic findings and subsequent short-term adverse cardiac events after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2008 Jun; 14(6):886-92.
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  5. Lee KS, Appleton CP, Lester SJ, Adam TJ, Hurst RT, Moreno CA, Altemose GT. Relation of electrocardiographic criteria for left atrial enlargement to two-dimensional echocardiographic left atrial volume measurements. Am J Cardiol 2007 Jan 1; 99(1):113-8.
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  6. Eleid MF, Hsu PY, Appleton CP, Collins JM. Peripheral bronchial carcinoid tumor presenting as a right cardiophrenic angle mass. Radiology Case Reports (on-line) 2007; 2(3).
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  7. Little WC, Zile MR, Klein A, Appleton CP, Kitzman DW, Wesley-Farrington DJ. Effect of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide on exercise tolerance in exertional hypertension and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 2006 Aug 1; 98(3):383-5. Epub 2006 Jun 12.
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  8. Hurst T, Olson TH, Olson LE, Appleton CP. Cardiac syndrome X and endothelial dysfunction: new concepts in prognosis and treatment. Am J Med 2006 Jul; 119(7):560-6.
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  9. Abhayaratna WP, Seward JB, Appleton CP, Douglas PS, Oh JK, Tajik AJ, Tsang TS. Left atrial size: physiologic determinants and clinical applications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006 Jun 20; 47(12):2357-63.
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  10. Reuss CS, Moreno CA, Appleton CP, Lester SJ. Doppler tissue imaging during supine and upright exercise in healthy adults. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005 Dec; 18(12):1343-8.
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  11. Takemoto Y, Barnes ME, Seward JB, Lester SJ, Appleton CA, Gersh BJ, Bailey KR, Tsang TSM. Usefulness of left atrial volume in predicting first congestive heart failure in patients >= 65 years of age with well-preserved left ventricular systolic function. American Journal of Cardiology 2005 Sep 15; 96(6):832-6.
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  12. Norager B, Husic M, Moller JE, Pellikka PA, Appleton CP, Egstrup K. The Doppler myocardial performance index during low-dose dobutamine echocardiography predicts mortality-and left ventricular dilation after a first acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2005 Sep; 150(3):522-9.
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  13. Grayburn PA, Appleton CP, DeMaria AN, Greenberg B, Lowes B, Oh J, Plehn JF, Rahko P, Sutton MS, Eichhorn EJ. Echocardiographic predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced heart failure - The beta-blocker evaluation of survival trial (BEST). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005 Apr 5; 45(7):1064-71.
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  14. Abbas AE, Appleton CP, Liu PT, Sweeney JP. Congenital absence of the pericardium: case presentation and review of literature. Int J Cardiol 2005 Jan; 98(1):21-5.
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  15. Srivathsan K, Lester SJ, Appleton CP, Scott LRP, Munger TM. Ventricular tachycardia in the absence of structural heart disease. Indian Pacing & Electrophysiology Journal 2005; 5(2):106-21.
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  16. Abbas A, Lester S, Moreno FC, Srivathsan K, Fortuin D, Appleton C. Noninvasive assessment of right atrial pressure using Doppler tissue imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004 Nov; 17(11):1155-60.
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  17. Abbas AE, Fortuin FD, Schiller NB, Appleton CP, Moreno CA, Lester SJ. Echocardiographic determination of mean pulmonary artery pressure. Am J Cardiol 2003 Dec 1; 92(11):1373-6.
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  18. Srivathsan K, Byrne RA, Appleton CP, Scott LRP. Pneumopericardium and pneumothorax contralateral to venous access site after permanent pacemaker implantation. Europace 2003 Oct; 5(4):361-3.
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  19. Moller JE, Poulsen SH, Sondergaard E, Seward JB, Appleton CP, Egstrup K. Impact of early changes in left ventricular filling pattern on long-term outcome after acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2003 Jun; 89(2-3):207-15.
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  20. Abbas AE, Fortuin FD, Schiller NB, Appleton CP, Moreno CA, Lester SJ. A simple method for noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003 Mar 19; 41(6):1021-7.
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  21. Lindenfeld J, Ghali JK, Krause-Steinrauf HJ, Khan S, Adams K, Goldman S, Peberedy MA, Yancy C, Thaneemit-Chen S, Larsen RL, Young J, Lowes B, Rosenberg YD, BEST Investigators. Hormone replacement therapy is associated with improved survival in women with advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 423(7):1238-45.
  22. Tsang TSM, Gersh BJ, Appleton CP, Tajik AJ, Barnes ME, Bailey KR, Oh JK, Leibson C, Montgomery SC, Seward JB. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002 Nov 6; 40(9):1636-44.
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  23. Abbas AE, Loftis R, Lester SJ, Crawford MB, Appleton CP. Generalized tetany: An unusual complication during dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002 Nov; 15(11):1414-6.
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  24. Chaliki HP, Hurrell DG, Nishimura RA, Reinke RA, Appleton CP. Pulmonary venous pressure: Relationship to pulmonary artery, pulmonary wedge, and left atrial pressure in normal, lightly sedated dogs. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2002 Jul; 56(3):432-8.
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  25. Moller JE, Sondergaard E, Poulsen SH, Seward JB, Appleton CP, Egstrup K. Color M-mode and pulsed wave tissue Doppler echocardiography: powerful predictors of cardiac events after first myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001 Aug; 14(8):757-63.
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  26. Moller JE, Sondergaard E, Poulsen SH, Appleton CP, Egstrup K. Serial Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left and right ventricular performance after a first myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001 Apr; 14(4):249-55.
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  27. Weyman AE, Butler A, Subhiyah R, Appleton C, Geiser E, Goldstein SA, King ME, Kaul S, Labovitz A, Picard M, Ryan T, Shanewise J. Concept, development, administration, and analysis of a certifying examination in echocardiography for physicians. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001 Feb; 14(2):158-68.
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  28. Ommen SR, Nishimura RA, Appleton CP, Miller FA, Oh JK, Redfield MM, Tajik AJ. Clinical utility of Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures: A comparative simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study. Circulation 2000 Oct 10; 102(15):1788-94.
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  29. Appleton CP, Firstenberg MS, Garcia MJ, Thomas JD. The echo-Doppler evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. A current perspective. Cardiol Clin 2000 Aug; 18(3):513-46, ix.
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  30. Moller JE, Sondergaard E, Seward JB, Appleton CP, Egstrup K. Ratio of left ventricular peak E-wave velocity to flow propagation velocity assessed by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography in first myocardial infarction: prognostic and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 Feb; 35(2):363-70.
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  31. Boonyaratavej S, Oh JK, Tajik AJ, Appleton CP, Seward JB. Comparison of mitral inflow and superior vena cava Doppler velocities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and constrictive pericarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998 Dec; 32(7):2043-8.
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  32. Klein AL, Abdalla I, Murray RD, Lee JC, Vandervoort P, Thomas JD, Appleton CP, Tajik AJ. Age independence of the difference in duration of pulmonary venous atrial reversal flow and transmitral A-wave flow in normal subjects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998 May; 11(5):458-65.
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  33. Yamamoto K, Nishimura RA, Chaliki HP, Appleton CP, Holmes DR Jr, Redfield MM. Determination of left ventricular filling pressure by Doppler echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease: critical role of left ventricular systolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997 Dec; 30(7):1819-26.
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  34. Appleton CP. Hemodynamic determinants of Doppler pulmonary venous flow velocity components: new insights from studies in lightly sedated normal dogs. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997 Nov 15; 30(6):1562-74.
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  35. Hurrell DG, Nishimura RA, Ilstrup DM, Appleton CP. Utility of preload alteration in assessment of left ventricular filling pressure by Doppler echocardiography: a simultaneous catheterization and Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997 Aug; 30(2):459-67.
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  36. Appleton CP, Jensen JL, Hatle LK, Oh JK. Doppler evaluation of left and right ventricular diastolic function: a technical guide for obtaining optimal flow velocity recordings. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1997 Apr; 10(3):271-92.
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  37. Oh JK, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Nishimura RA, Seward JB, Tajik AJ. The noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1997 Apr; 10(3):246-70.
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  38. Oh JK, Tajik AJ, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Nishimura RA, Seward JB. Preload reduction to unmask the characteristic Doppler features of constrictive pericarditis. A new observation. Circulation 1997 Feb 18; 95(4):796-9.
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  39. Jensen JL, Williams FE, Beilby BJ, Johnson BL, Miller LK, Ginter TL, Tomaselli-Martin G, Appleton CP. Feasibility of obtaining pulmonary venous flow velocity in cardiac patients using transthoracic pulsed wave Doppler technique. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1997 Jan-Feb; 10(1):60-6.
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  40. Nishimura RA, Appleton CP, Redfield MM, Ilstrup DM, Holmes DR Jr, Tajik AJ. Noninvasive doppler echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with cardiomyopathies: a simultaneous Doppler echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996 Nov 1; 28(5):1226-33.
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  41. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomised clinical trial. Lancet 1996 Sep 7; 348(9028):633-638.
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  42. Klodas E, Nishimura RA, Appleton CP, Redfield MM, Oh JK. Doppler evaluation of patients with constrictive pericarditis: use of tricuspid regurgitation velocity curves to determine enhanced ventricular interaction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996 Sep; 28(3):652-7.
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  43. Hurrell DG, Nishimura RA, Higano ST, Appleton CP, Danielson GK, Holmes DR Jr, Tajik AJ. Value of dynamic respiratory changes in left and right ventricular pressures for the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. Circulation 1996 Jun 1; 93(11):2007-13.
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  44. Rakowski H, Appleton CP, Chan K-L, Dumesnil JG, Honos G, Jue J, Koilpillai C, Lepage S, Martin RP, Mercier L-M, O'Kelley B, Prieur T, Sanfillipo A, Sasson Z, Alvarez N, Pruitt R, Thompson C, Tomlinson C. Recommendations for the measurement and reporting of diastolic function by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1996; 9:736-60.
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  45. deFilippi CR, Willett DL, Brickner ME, Appleton CP, Yancy CW, Eichhorn EJ, Grayburn PA. Usefulness of dobutamine echocardiography in distinguishing severe from nonsevere valvular aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular function and low transvalvular gradients. Am J Cardiol 1995 Jan 15; 75(2):191-4.
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  46. McBride R, Chesebro JH, Wiebers DO, Holland AE, Linker S, Bardsley WT, Kopecky SL, Litin SC, Meissner I, Zerbe DM, Flaker GC, Webel R, Nolte B, Stevenson P, Byer J, Jenkins JS, Wright W, Anderson DC, Asinger RW, et al. Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation--stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation II study. Lancet 1994 Mar 19; 343:687-691.
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  47. Appleton CP, Gonzalez MS, Basnight MA. Relation of left atrial pressure and pulmonary venous flow velocities: importance of baseline mitral and pulmonary venous flow patterns studied in lightly sedated dogs. J Am Soc Echocardiography 1994; 7:264-75.
  48. Toporoff B, Rosado LJ, Appleton CP, Sethi GK, Copeland JG. Successful treatment of early infective endocarditis and mediastinitus in a heart transplant recipient. J Heart Lung Transplant 1994; 13:546-8.
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  49. Appleton CP, Galloway JM, Gonzalez MS, Gaballa, M, Basnight MA. Estimation of left ventricular filling pressures using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in adult cardiac patients: additional value of analyzing left atrial size, left atrial ejection fraction and the difference in the duration of pulmonary ve nous and mitral flow velocities at atrial contraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22:1972-82.
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  50. Blackshear JL, Pearce LA, Asinger RW, Hart RG, on behalf of The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Mitral regurgitation associated with reduced thromboembolic events in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72:840-843.
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  51. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: II. Echocardiographic features of patients at risk. Ann Intern Med 1992 Jan 1; 116(1):6-12.
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  52. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Warfarin compared to aspirin for the prevention of arterial thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: design and patient characteristics of the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study. Cerebrovascular Dis 1992; 2:332-341.
  53. Appleton CP, Hatle LK. The natural history of left ventricular filling abnormalities: assessment by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Echocardiography 1992; 9:1-21.
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  54. SPAF Investigators. Clinical predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: I. Clinical features of patients at risk The stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation study (SPAF) Ann Internal Med 1992; 116:1-5.
  55. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Final results. Circulation 1991 Aug; 84(2):527-39.
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  56. Appleton CP. Influence of incremental changes in heart rate on mitral flow velocity: assessment in lightly sedated dogs. J Am Coll Cardiol (with accompanying editorial) 1991; 17:227-36.
  57. Gonzalez MS, Basnight MA, Appleton CP. Experimental pericardial effusion: relation of abnormal respiratory variation in mitral flow velocity to hemodynamics and right heart collapse. J Am Coll Cardiol (with accompanying editorial) 1991; 17:239-48.
  58. Gonzalez MS, Basnight MA, Appleton CP. Experimental cardiac tamponade: A hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic reexamination of the relation of right and left heart ejection dynamics to the phase of respiration. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18:243-52.
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  59. Pennock GD, Dalton WS, Roeske WR, Appleton CP, Ryschon KL, Plezia P, Miller TP, Salmon SE. Systemic toxicities associated with high dose verapamil infusion and chemotherapy administration. J National Cancer Inst 1991; 83:105-10.
  60. Reynolds T, Szymanski K, Langenfeld K, Appleton CP. Visualization of the hepatic veins: new approaches for the echocardiographer. J Am Soc Echocardiography 1991; 4:93-6.
  61. Appleton CP, Basnight MA, Gonzalez MS. Diastolic mitral regurgitation with atrioventricular conduction abnormalities: relation of mitral flow velocity to transmitral pressure gradients in conscious dogs. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18:843-9.
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  62. Reynolds T, Appleton CP. Doppler flow velocity patterns of the superior vena cava, hepatic vein, coronary sinus and atrial septal defect: a guide for the echocardiographer. J Am Soc Echocardiography 1991; 4:503-12.
  63. Basnight MA, Gonzalez MS, Appleton CP. Pulmonary venous flow velocity: relation to hemodynamics, mitral flow velocity and left atrial volume in man. J Am Soc Echocardiography 1991; 4:547-58.
  64. Ewy GA, Demaria AN, Rogers EW Jr, Skorton DJ, Williams RG, Appleton CP, Feigenbaum H, Tonan JA Jr, Tajik AJ. ACC/AHA guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiovascular Procedures (Subcommittee to Develop Guidel ines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography). Circulation 1990 Dec 6; 82:2323-45.
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  65. Chesebro JH, Wiebers DO, Holland AE, Miller DM, Bardsley WT, Litin SC, Zerbe DM, et al. Preliminary report of the stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation study. N Engl J Med 1990 Mar 22; 322:863-868.
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  66. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Progress report of the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Stroke 1990; 21(Suppl III):III-12 -III-17.
  67. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Design of a multicenter randomized trial for the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Stroke 1990 Apr; 21(4):538-45.
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  68. Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Flow velocity acceleration in the left ventricle: a useful Doppler echocardiographic sign of hemodynamically significant mitral regurgitation. J Am Soc of Echocardiography 1990; 3:35-45.
  69. Reed KL, Appleton CP, Anderson CF, Shenker L, Sahn DJ. Doppler studies of vena cava flows in human fetuses: insights into normal and abnormal cardiac physiology. Circulation 1990; 81:498-505.
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  70. Ewy GA, Appleton CP, De Maria AN, Feigenbaum H, Rogers EW, Ronan JA, Skorton DJ, Tajik AJ, Williams RG. Guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16:1505-28.
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  71. Ewy GA, Appleton CP, De Maria AN, Feigenbaum H, Rogers EW, Ronan JA, Skorton DJ, Tajik AJ, Williams RG. Guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography. Circulation 1990; 82:2323-45.
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  72. Reynolds T, Warner MG, Appleton CP. The evaluation of mitral regurgitation: a balanced approach for the cardiac sonographer. J Diagnostic Medical Sonography 1990; 5:279-85.
  73. Valantine HA, Hatle LK, Appleton CP, Gibbons R, Popp RL. Variability of Doppler echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular filling in transplant recipients and in normal subjects. J Am Soc Echocardiography 1990; 3:276-84.
  74. Valantine HA, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Hunt SA, Billingham ME, Shumway NE, Stinson EB, Popp RL. A hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic study of ventricular function in long term cardiac allograft recipients: etiology and prognosis of restrictive/constrictive physiology. Circulation 1989; 79:66-75.
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  75. Nellessen U, Masuyama T, Appleton CP, Tye T, Popp RL. Mitral prosthesis malfunction: serial Doppler echocardiographic studies of mitral prostheses before and after replacement. Circulation 1989; 79:330-6.
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  76. Hatle LK, Appleton CP, Popp RL. Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy by Doppler echocardiography. Circulation 1989; 79:357-70.
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  77. Reed KL, Appleton CP, Sahn DJ, Anderson CF. Human fetal tricuspid and mitral deceleration time: changes with normal pregnancy and intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Obstetrics and Gynecology 1989; 161:1532-5.
  78. Schnittger I, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Diastolic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11:83-8.
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  79. Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Demonstration of restrictive ventricular physiology by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11:757-68.
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  80. Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion: Respiratory variation in transvalvular flow velocities studied by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol (with accompanying editorial) 1988; 11:1020-30.
  81. Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. The relationship of transmitral flow velocity patterns to left ventricular diastolic function: New insights from a combined hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 12:426-40.
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  82. Nellessen U, Schnittger I, Appleton CP, Masuyama T, Bolger A, Fischell TA, Tye T, Popp RL. Transesophageal two dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler flow velocity mapping the evaluation of cardiac valve prostheses. Circulation 1988; 78:848-55.
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  83. Kindman LA, Wright A, Tye T, Seale W, Appleton C. Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum and characterization by transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Echocardiography 1988; 1(6):450-4.
  84. Gay R, Lee RW, Appleton C, Olajos M, Martin GV, Morkin E, Goldman S. Control of cardiac function and venous return in thyrotoxic calves. Am J Physiol 1987; 252:H467-73.
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  85. Sasson Z, Hatle L, Appleton CP, Jewett M, Alderman EL, Popp RL. Intraventricular flow during isovolumic relaxation. Description and characterization by Doppler echocardiography J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10:539-46.
  86. Valantine HA, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Hunt SA, Stinson E, Popp RL. Influence of recipient atrial contraction on left ventricular filling dynamics of the transplanted heart assessed by Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59:1159-63.
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  87. Appleton C, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Superior vena cava and hepatic vein Doppler echocardiography in healthy adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10:1032-9.
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  88. Gear K, Marcus F, Huang S, Fenster P, Appleton C, Moeller V, Renaud G, Serokman R. Ethmozine for the treatment of stable ventricular premature complexes. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57:947-9.
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  89. Valantine HA, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Hunt SA, Oyer P, Baldwin J. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of restrictive cardiomyopathy in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Transplant 1986; 5:374-8.
  90. Appleton CP, Lee RW, Martin GV, Olajos J, Goldman S. Alpha1 and alpha2-adrenoreceptor stimulation: Changes in venous capacitance in intact dogs. Am J Physiol 1986; 250:H1070-8.
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  91. Appleton C, Olajos M, Morkin E, Goldman S. Alpha1 adrenergic control of the venous circulation in intact dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985; 233:729-34.
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  92. Algeo S, Appleton CP, Martin G, Lee RW, Mulkey R, Olajos M, Goldman S. Effects of alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation with UK 14, 304-18 on the heart and peripheral circulation of intact dogs. Cardiovascular Pharmacology 1985; 7:1055-64.
  93. Rosse C, Cole SB, Appleton C, Press O, Clage J. The relative importance of the bone marrow and spleen in the production and dissemination of B lymphocytes. Cell Immunol 1978; 37:254-62.
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